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Class 12 RD Sharma Solutions – Chapter 20 Definite Integrals – Exercise 20.1 | Set 1

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Evaluate the following definite integrals:

Question 1. \int_{4}^{9} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}dx

Solution:

We have,

I = \int_{4}^{9} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}dx

I = \left[\frac{x^{\frac{-1}{2}+1}}{\frac{-1}{2}+1}\right]^9_4

I = \left[\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{1}{2}}\right]^9_4

I = \left[2\sqrt{x}\right]^9_4

I = 2[√9 – √4 ] 

I = 2 (3 − 2)

I = 2 (1)

I = 2

Therefore, the value of \int_{4}^{9} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}dx       is 2.

Question 2. \int_{-2}^{3} \frac{1}{x+7}dx

Solution:

We have,

I = \int_{-2}^{3} \frac{1}{x+7}dx

I = \left[log(x+7)\right]^3_{-2}

I = log (3 + 7) − log (−2 + 7)

I = log 10 − log 5

I = log\frac{10}{5}

I = log 2

Therefore, the value of \int_{-2}^{3} \frac{1}{x+7}dx       is log 2.

Question 3. \int_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}dx

Solution:

We have,

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}dx

Let x = sin t, so we have, 

=> dx = cos t dt

Now, the lower limit is,

=> x = 0 

=> sin t = 0

=> t = 0

Also, the upper limit is,

=> x = 1/2

=> sin t = 1/2

=> t = π/6

So, the equation becomes,

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{6}} \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-sin^2t}}costdt

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{6}} \frac{1}{\sqrt{cos^2t}}costdt

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{6}} (\frac{1}{cost})costdt

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{6}} 1dt

I = \left[t\right]_0^{\frac{\pi}{6}}

I =  Ï€/6 – 0

I = Ï€/6​

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}dx       is Ï€/6.

Question 4. \int_{0}^{1} \frac{1}{1+x^2}dx

Solution:

We have,

I = \int_{0}^{1} \frac{1}{1+x^2}dx

I = \left[tan^{-1}x\right]_0^1

I = tan^{-1}1-tan^{-1}0

I = \frac{\pi}{4}-0

I = Ï€/4

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{1} \frac{1}{1+x^2}dx       is Ï€/4.

Question 5. \int_{2}^{3} \frac{x}{x^2+1}dx

Solution:

We have,

I = \int_{2}^{3} \frac{x}{x^2+1}dx

Let x2 + 1 = t, so we have,

=> 2x dx = dt

=> x dx = dt/2

Now, the lower limit is, x = 2

=> t = x2 + 1

=> t = (2)2 + 1

=> t = 4 + 1

=> t = 5

Also, the upper limit is, x = 3

=> t = x2 + 1

=> t = (3)2 + 1

=> t = 9 + 1

=> t = 10

So, the equation becomes,

I = \int_{5}^{10} \frac{1}{2t}dt

I = \frac{1}{2}\int_{5}^{10} \frac{1}{t}dt

I = \frac{1}{2}\left[logt\right]^{10}_5

I = 1/2[log10 – log5] 

I = 1/2[log10/5]

I = 1/2[log2]

I = log√2

Therefore, the value of \int_{2}^{3} \frac{x}{x^2+1}dx       is log√2.

Question 6. \int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{a^2+b^2x^2}dx

Solution:

We have,

I = \int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{a^2+b^2x^2}dx

I = \int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{b^2}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{a^2}{b^2}+x^2}\right)dx

I = \frac{1}{b^2}\int_{0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{\frac{a^2}{b^2}+x^2}dx

I = \frac{1}{b^2}\left[\frac{b}{a}tan^{-1}\frac{bx}{a}\right]^{\infty}_{0}

I = \frac{1}{ab}\left[tan^{-1}\frac{bx}{a}\right]^{\infty}_{0}

I = 1/ab[tan-1∞ – tan-10] 

I = 1/ab[Ï€/2 – 0]  

I = 1/ab[Ï€/2]  

I = Ï€/2ab   

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{a^2+b^2x^2}dx       is Ï€/2ab.

Question 7. \int_{-1}^{1} \frac{1}{1+x^2}dx

Solution:

We have,

I = \int_{-1}^{1} \frac{1}{1+x^2}dx

I = \left[tan^{-1}x\right]_{-1}^{1}

I = [tan-11 – tan-1(-1)]  

I = [Ï€/4 – (-Ï€/4)]   

I = [Ï€/4 + Ï€/4]  

I = 2Ï€/4 

I = Ï€/2  

Therefore, the value of \int_{-1}^{1} \frac{1}{1+x^2}dx       is Ï€/2.

Question 8. \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-x}dx

Solution:

We have,

I = \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-x}dx

I = \left[-e^{-x}\right]^{\infty}_{0}

I = -e∞ – (-e0) 

I = − 0 + 1

I = 1

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-x}dx       is 1.

Question 9. \int_{0}^{1} \frac{x}{x+1}dx

Solution:

We have,

I = \int_{0}^{1} \frac{x}{x+1}dx

I = \int_{0}^{1} \frac{(x+1)-1}{x+1}dx

I = \int_{0}^{1} \frac{x+1}{x+1}dx-\int_{0}^{1}\frac{1}{x+1}dx

I = \int_{0}^{1} 1dx-\int_{0}^{1}\frac{1}{x+1}dx

I = \left[x\right]^1_0-\left[log(x+1)\right]^1_0

I = [1 − 0] − [log(1 + 1) − log(0 + 1)]

I = 1 − [log2 − log1]

I = 1 – log2/1 

I = 1 − log 2

I = log e − log 2

I = loge/2 

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{1} \frac{x}{x+1}dx        is loge/2.

Question 10. \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (sinx+cosx)dx

Solution:

We have,

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (sinx+cosx)dx

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (sinx)dx+\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}(cosx)dx

I = \left[-cosx\right]_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}+\left[sinx\right]_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}

I = [-cosÏ€/2 + cos0] + [sinÏ€/2 – sin0] 

I = [−0 + 1] + 1

I = 1 + 1

I = 2

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (sinx+cosx)dx      is 2.

Question 11. \int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} cotxdx

Solution:

We have,

I = \int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} cotxdx

I = \left[log(sinx)\right]_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}

I = log(sinÏ€/2) – log(sinÏ€/4)

I = log1 – log1/√2 

I = log\frac{1}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}

I = log√2  

Therefore, the value of \int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} cotxdx     is log√2.

Question 12. \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} secxdx

Solution:

We have,

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} secxdx

I = \left[log(secx+tanx)\right]^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_0

I = log(secÏ€/4 + tanÏ€/4 – log(sec0 + tan0) 

I = log(√2 + 1) – log(1 + 0) 

I = log(\frac{\sqrt{2}+1}{1})

I = log(√2 + 1) 

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} secxdx     is log(√2 + 1).

Question 13. \int_{\frac{\pi}{6}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} cosecxdx

Solution:

We have,

I = \int_{\frac{\pi}{6}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} cosecxdx

I = \left[log|cosecx-cotx|\right]_{\frac{\pi}{6}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}

I = [log|cosecÏ€/4 – cotÏ€/4|] – [log|cosecÏ€/6 – cotÏ€/6|]

I = [log|√2 – 1|] – [log|2 – √3|] 

I = log(\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2-\sqrt{3}})

Therefore, the value of \int_{\frac{\pi}{6}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} cosecxdx     is log(\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2-\sqrt{3}})     .

Question 14. \int_{0}^{1} \frac{1-x}{1+x}dx

Solution: 

We have, 

I = \int_{0}^{1} \frac{1-x}{1+x}dx

Let x = cos 2t, so we have,

=> dx = –2 sin 2t dt

Now, the lower limit is,

=> x = 0

=> cos 2t = 0

=> 2t = π/2

=> t = π/4

Also, the upper limit is,

=> x = 1

=> cos 2t = 1

=> 2t = 0

=> t = 0

So, the equation becomes,

I = \int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{0} \frac{1-cos2t}{1+cos2t}(-2sin2t)dt

I = \int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{0}\frac{2sin^2t}{2cos^2t}(-2sin2t)dt

I = \int^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{0}\frac{sin^2t}{cos^2t}(2sin2t)dt

I = \int^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{0}\frac{sin^2t}{cos^2t}(4sintcost)dt

I = \int^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{0}\frac{4sin^3t}{cost}dt

Let cos t = z, so we have,

=> – sin t dt = dz

=> sin t dt = – dz

Now, the lower limit is,

=> t = 0

=> z = cos t

=> z = cos 0

=> z = 1

Also, the upper limit is,

=> t = π/4

=> z = cos t

=> z = cos π/4

=> z = 1/√2

So, the equation becomes,

I = \int^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{0}\frac{4sin^2t(sint)}{cost}dt

I = \int^{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}_{1}\frac{-4(1-z^2)}{z}dz

I = -4\int^{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}_{1}\frac{1-z^2}{z}dz

I = -4\int^{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}_{1}(\frac{1}{z}-\frac{z^2}{z})dz

I = -4\int^{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}_{1}(\frac{1}{z}-z)dz

I = -4\left[logz-\frac{z^2}{2}\right]^{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}_1

I = -4[(log1/√2 – 1/2(2)) – (log1 – 1/2)]

I = -4[(log1/√2 – 1/4) – (0 – 1/2)]

I = -4[log1/√2 – 1/4 – 0 + 1/2]

I = -4[-log√2 + 1/4]

I = 4log√2 – 1 

I = 4 × 1/2log2 – 1

I = 2log2 – 1 

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{1} \frac{1-x}{1+x}dx     is 2log2 – 1.

Question 15. \int_{0}^{\pi} \frac{1}{1+sinx}dx

Solution: 

We have,

I = \int_{0}^{\pi} \frac{1}{1+sinx}dx

I = \int_{0}^{\pi} \frac{1-sinx}{(1+sinx)(1-sinx)}dx

I = \int_{0}^{\pi} \frac{1-sinx}{1-sin^2x}dx

I = \int_{0}^{\pi} \frac{1-sinx}{cos^2x}dx

I = \int_{0}^{\pi}\frac{1}{cos^2x}-\frac{sinx}{cos^2x}dx

I = \int_{0}^{\pi}sec^2x-\frac{sinx}{cosx(cosx)}dx

I = \int_{0}^{\pi}(sec^2x-tanxsecx)dx

I = \int_{0}^{\pi}sec^2xdx-\int_{0}^{\pi}tanxsecxdx

I = \left[tanx\right]^{\pi}_0-\left[secx\right]^{\pi}_0

I = [tan π – tan0] – [sec π – sec 0]

I = [0 – 0] – [–1 – 1]

I = 0 – (–2)

I = 2

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{\pi} \frac{1}{1+sinx}dx     is 2.

Question 16. \int_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{1+sinx}dx

Solution: 

We have,

I = \int_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{1+sinx}dx

I = \int_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1-sinx}{(1+sinx)(1-sinx)}dx

I = \int_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1-sinx}{1-sin^2x}dx

I = \int_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1-sinx}{cos^2x}dx

I = \int_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\frac{1}{cos^2x}-\frac{sinx}{cos^2x}dx

I = \int_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}sec^2x-\frac{sinx}{cosx(cosx)}dx

I = \int_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}^{\frac{-\pi}{4}}(sec^2x-tanxsecx)dx

I = \int_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}^{\frac{-\pi}{4}}sec^2xdx-\int_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}tanxsecxdx

I = \left[tanx\right]^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}-\left[secx\right]^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}

I = \left[tanx\right]^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}-\left[secx\right]^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}

I = [tan π/4 – tan(–π/4)] – [sec π/4 – sec (–π/4)]

I = [1 – (–1)] – [sec π/4 – sec (π/4)]

I = 2 – 0

I = 2

Therefore, the value of \int_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{1+sinx}dx     is 2.

Question 17. \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} cos^2xdx

Solution: 

We have,

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} cos^2xdx

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (\frac{1+cos2x}{2})dx

I = \frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (1+cos2x)dx

I = \frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}1dx+\frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}cos2xdx

I = \frac{1}{2}\left[x\right]^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0+\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{sin2x}{2}\right]^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0

I = \frac{1}{2}\left[x\right]^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0+\frac{1}{4}\left[sin2x\right]^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0

I = 1/2[Ï€/2 – 0] + 1/4[sinÏ€ – sin0]

I = 1/2[Ï€/2] + 1/4[0 – 0]

I = Ï€/4 

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} cos^2xdx      is Ï€/4.

Question 18. \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} cos^3xdx

Solution: 

We have,

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} cos^3xdx

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{cos3x+3cosx}{4}dx

I = \frac{1}{4}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (cos3x+3cosx)dx

I = \frac{1}{4}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} cos3xdx+\frac{3}{4}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}cosxdx

I = \frac{1}{4}\left[\frac{sin3x}{3}\right]^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0+\frac{3}{4}[sinx]^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{0}

I = \frac{1}{12}\left[sin3x\right]^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0+\frac{3}{4}[sinx]^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{0}

I = 1/12 [-1 – 0] + 3/4[1 – 0]

I = 3/4 – 1/12

I = (9 – 1)/12

I = 8/12

I = 2/3

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} cos^3xdx      is 2/3.

Question 19. \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{6}} cosxcos2xdx

Solution: 

We have,

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{6}} cosxcos2xdx

I = \frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{6}} 2cosxcos2xdx

I = \frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{6}} (cos3x + cosx)dx

I = \frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{6}}cos3xdx + \frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{6}}cosxdx

I = \frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{sin3x}{3}\right]^{\frac{\pi}{6}}_0 + \frac{1}{2}\left[sinx\right]^{\frac{\pi}{6}}_0

I = \frac{1}{6}\left[sin3x\right]^{\frac{\pi}{6}}_0 + \frac{1}{2}\left[sinx\right]^{\frac{\pi}{6}}_0

I = 1/6[sinÏ€/2 – sin0] + 1/2[sinÏ€/6 – sin0]

I = 1/6[1 – 0] + 1/2[1/2 – 0]

I = 1/6 + 1/4

I = (4 + 6)/24 

I = 10/24 

I = 5/12 

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{6}} cosxcos2xdx      is 5/12.

Question 20. \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} sinxsin2xdx

Solution: 

We have,

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} sinxsin2xdx

I = \frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} 2sinxsin2xdx

I = \frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (cosx - cos3x)dx

I = \frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}cosxdx - \frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}cos3xdx

I = \frac{1}{2}\left[sinx\right]^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0-\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{sin3x}{3}\right]^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0

I = \frac{1}{2}\left[sinx\right]^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0-\frac{1}{6}[sin3x]^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0

I = 1/2[sinÏ€/2 – sin0] – 1/6[sin3Ï€/2 – sin0]

I = 1/2[1 – 0] – 1/6[-1 – 0]

I = 1/2 – 1/6(-1)

I = 1/2 + 1/6 

I = (6 + 2)/12

I = 8/12 

I = 2/3

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} sinxsin2xdx      is 2/3.

Question 21. \int_{\frac{\pi}{3}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} (tanx+cotx)^2dx

Solution: 

We have,

I = \int_{\frac{\pi}{3}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} (tanx+cotx)^2dx

I = \int_{\frac{\pi}{3}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} (\frac{sinx}{cosx}+\frac{cosx}{sinx})^2dx

I = \int_{\frac{\pi}{3}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} (\frac{sin^2x+cos^2x}{cosxsinx})^2dx

I = \int_{\frac{\pi}{3}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} (\frac{1}{cosxsinx})^2dx

I = \int_{\frac{\pi}{3}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\frac{1}{cos^2xsin^2x}dx

I = \int_{\frac{\pi}{3}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\frac{4}{4cos^2xsin^2x}dx

I = \int_{\frac{\pi}{3}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\frac{4}{(sin2x)^2}dx

I = 4\int_{\frac{\pi}{3}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}cosec^22xdx

I = 4\left[\frac{-cot2x}{2}\right]_{\frac{\pi}{3}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}

I = 2\left[-cot2x\right]_{\frac{\pi}{3}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}

I = 2[-cotπ/2 + cot2π/3]

I = 2[-1/√3 – 0]

I = -2/√3 

Therefore, the value of \int_{\frac{\pi}{3}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} (tanx+cotx)^2dx      is -2/√3.

Question 22. \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} cos^4xdx

Solution: 

We have,

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} cos^4xdx

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (cos^2x)^2dx

I = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (\frac{1+cos2x}{2})^2dx

I = \frac{1}{4}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (1+cos2x)^2dx

I = \frac{1}{4}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (1+cos^22x+2cos2x)dx

I = \frac{1}{4}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (1+\frac{1+cos4x}{2}+2cos2x)dx

I = \frac{1}{4}\left[x+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{sin4x}{8}+sin2x\right]^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0

I = 1/4[Ï€/2 + Ï€/4 + 0 + 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0]

I = 1/4[3Ï€/4] 

I = 3Ï€/16 

Therefore, the value of \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} cos^4xdx     is 3Ï€/16.



Last Updated : 02 Jun, 2021
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