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Class 11 RD Sharma Solutions – Chapter 15 Linear Inequations – Exercise 15.3

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Question 1. Solve \left | x + \frac{1}{3} \right | > \frac{8}{3}

Solution:

Using the property of modulus operator, we know

|x| > a ⇒ x < -a or x > a

Therefore, \left ( x + \frac{1}{3} \right ) < \frac{-8}{3}  or \left ( x + \frac{1}{3} \right ) > \frac{8}{3}

⇒ x < \frac{-8}{3} - \frac{1}{3}  or x > \frac{8}{3} - \frac{1}{3}

⇒ x < -3 or x > \frac{7}{3}

Hence, we can conclude x lies in the range ( -∞, -3) ∪ ( \frac{7}{3} ,∞ )

Question 2. Solve | 4 – x | + 1 < 3

Solution:

We have,  | 4 – x | + 1 < 3

⇒ | 4 – x | < 2

Using the property of modulus operator, we know

|x| < a ⇒ -a < x < a

⇒ -2 < 4 – x <  2 

⇒ -6 < -x < -2

⇒ 6 > x > 2

⇒ 2 < x < 6 

Hence, we can conclude x lies in the range (2, 6)

Question 3. Solve \left | \frac{3x - 4}{2} \right |  â‰¤ \frac{5}{12}

Solution:

Using the property of modulus operator, we know

|x| ≤ a ⇒ -a ≤ x ≤ a

⇒ – \frac{5}{12}  â‰¤ \frac{3x - 4}{2}  â‰¤ \frac{5}{12}  

⇒ – \frac{5}{6}  â‰¤ 3x – 4 ≤ \frac{5}{6}

⇒ – \frac{5}{6}  + 4 ≤ 3x ≤ \frac{5}{6}  + 4

⇒ \frac{19}{6}  â‰¤ 3x ≤ \frac{29}{6}

⇒ \frac{19}{18}  â‰¤ x ≤ \frac{29}{18}

Hence, we can conclude x lies in the range [ \frac{19}{18}  , \frac{29}{18}  ]

Question 4. Solve \frac{|x - 2|}{x - 2}  > 0

Solution:

Using the property of modulus operator, we have

| x -2 | = x-2 when x ≥ 2 or 2-x when x < 2

since, \frac{|x-2|}{x-2}  > 0 for x > 2

Hence, we can conclude x lies in the range ( 2, ∞)

Question 5. Solve \frac{1}{|x|-3} < \frac{1}{2}

Solution:

We are given, \frac{1}{|x|-3} < \frac{1}{2}

⇒ \frac{1}{|x|-3} - \frac{1}{2}  < 0

⇒ \frac{2 - (|x|-3)}{2(|x|-3)}  < 0

⇒ \frac{2 - |x|+ 3}{|x|-3}  < 0

⇒ \frac{5 - |x|}{|x|-3}  < 0

Now, we have two cases:

Case 1: When x ≥ 0, then |x| = x

\frac{5-x}{x-3}  < 0

⇒ (5 – x < 0 and x – 3 > 0) or ( 5 – x > 0 and x – 3 < 0)

⇒ (x >5 and x > 3) or ( x < 5 and x < 3)

⇒ x > 5 and x < 3

Therefore, we can conclude, from case 1 that x lies in the range [ 0,3) U (5,∞)  

Case 2: When x ≤ 0 then |x| = -x

\frac{5+x}{-x-3}  < 0

⇒ \frac{x+5}{x+3}  > 0

⇒ (x + 5 > 0 and x + 3 > 0) or ( x + 5 <0 and x + 3 < 0)

⇒ ( x > -5 and x > -3 ) or ( x < -5 and x < -3 )

⇒ x > -3 or x < -5

Therefore, we can conclude, from case 2 that x lies in the range [ -∞, -5) U (-3,0)

Now, taking the union of above two cases we can conclude x lies in the range (-∞, -5) U ( -3,3) U (5, ∞)

Question 6.  Solve \frac{|x + 2| - x}{x}  < 2

Solution:

We have \frac{|x + 2| - x}{x}  < 2

⇒ \frac{|x + 2| - x}{x}  – 2 < 0

⇒ \frac{|x + 2| - x -2x}{x}  < 0

⇒ \frac{|x + 2| - 3x}{x}  < 0

Now, we have two cases:

Case 1: When x ≥ -2, then |x+2| = x+2,

\frac{x + 2 - 3x}{x}  < 0

⇒ \frac{2-2x}{x}  < 0

⇒ \frac{-2(x-1)}{x}  < 0

⇒ \frac{x-1}{x}  > 0

⇒ (x – 1 > 0 and x > 0) or ( x – 1 < 0 and x < 0)

⇒ (x > 1 and x > 0) or ( x < 1 and x < 0)

⇒ x > 1 or x < 0

Therefore, we can conclude, from case 1 that x lies in the range [ -2,0) U (1,∞)

Case 1: When x ≤ -2, then |x+2| = -(x+2),

\frac{-(x + 2) - 3x}{x}  < 0

⇒ \frac{-x-2-3x}{x}  < 0

⇒ \frac{-2(2x+1)}{x}  < 0

⇒ \frac{2x+1}{x}  > 0

⇒ (2x -+ 1 > 0 and x > 0) or ( 2x + 1 < 0 and x < 0)

⇒ (x > -1/2 and x > 0) or ( x < -1/2 and x < 0)

⇒ x > 0 or x < -1/2

Therefore, we can conclude, from case 2 that x lies in the range ( -∞,-2 ] U (0,∞)

Now, taking the union of above two cases we can conclude x lies in the range [ -2,0 ) U (1,∞) U (-∞, -2] U ( 0, ∞) i.e., x belongs to (-∞,0) U (1,∞)

Question 7. Solve |\frac{2x-1}{x-1}|  > 2

Solution:

We have |\frac{2x-1}{x-1}|  > 2

⇒ |\frac{2x-1}{x-1}|  – 2 > 0

⇒ \frac{2x-1}{x-1}  > 0 or \frac{2x-1}{x-1}  +2 < 0

⇒ \frac{1}{x-1}  > 0 or \frac{4x-3}{x-1}  < 0

⇒ x-1 >0 or \frac{4x-3}{x-1}  < 0

⇒ x-1 > 0 or [ (4x-3 > 0 and x-1 < 0) or ( 4x-3 < 0 and x-1 > 0) ]

⇒ x > 1 or [ (x > 3/4  and x < 1) or ( x < 3/4 and x > 1) ]

⇒ x > 1 or [ 3/4 < x < 1 or ∅]

⇒ 3/4 < x < 1 or x > 1

Hence, we can conclude x lies in the range ( 3/4, 1) U (1, ∞ )

Question 8. Solve |x-1| + |x-2| + |x-3| ≥ 6

Solution:

We have, |x-1| + |x-2| + |x-3| ≥ 6 ———————let this be equation (1)

As,  | x-1 | = ( x-1, when x ≥ 1 and 1-x when x < 1 )

similarly, | x-2 | = ( x-2, when x ≥ 2 and 2-x when x < 2 )

and | x-3 | = ( x-3, when x ≥ 3 and 3-x when x < 3 )

Now, we have four cases:

Case 1: When x < 1

1 – x + 2 – x + 3 – x ≥ 6

⇒ 6 -3x ≥ 6

⇒ x ≤ 0

So, we see x lies in the range (-∞ ,0]

Case 2: when 1 ≤ x < 2

x – 1 + 2 – x + 3 – x ≥ 6

⇒ 4 – x ≥ 6

⇒ x ≤ -2

using case 2 , we see x has no values so x ∈ ∅

Case 3: when 2 ≤ x < 3

x – 1 + x – 2 + 3 – x ≥ 6

⇒ x  â‰¥ 6

using case 3 , we see x has no values so x ∈ ∅

Case 4: when x ≥ 3

x – 1 + x – 2 + x – 3 ≥ 6

⇒ 3x – 6 ≥ 6

⇒ x  â‰¥ 4

using case 4 , we see x has no values so x ∈ [ 4, ∞ )

Combining all the cases, we get to know x lies in the range ( -∞, 0 ] U [ 4, ∞)

Question 9. Solve \frac{|x-2|-1}{|x-2|-2}  â‰¤ 0 

Solution:

We have, \frac{|x-2|-1}{|x-2|-2}  â‰¤ 0 

Case 1: when x ≥ 2, then | x -2 | = x – 2

\frac{x-2-1}{x-2-2}  â‰¤ 0

⇒ \frac{x-3}{x-4}  â‰¤ 0

⇒ ( x – 3 ≤ 0 and x – 4 > 0 ) or ( x – 3 ≥ 0 and x – 4 < 0)

⇒ ( x ≤ 3 and x > 4 ) or ( x ≥ 3 and x < 4)

⇒ ∅ or ( 3 ≤ x < 4)

⇒ 3 ≤ x < 4

using case 1 , we see x lies in the range [ 3, 4 )

Case 2: when x ≤ 2, then | x – 2| = 2 – x,

\frac{2-x-1}{2-x-2}  â‰¤ 0

⇒ \frac{1-x}{-x}  â‰¤ 0

⇒ \frac{x-1}{x}  â‰¤ 0

⇒  ( x – 1 ≤ 0 and x > 0 ) or ( x – 1 ≥ 0 and x< 0)

⇒  ( x ≤ 1 and x > 0 ) or ( x ≥ 1 and x< 0)

⇒ ( 0 < x ≤ 1) or ∅

⇒ 0 < x ≤ 1

using case 2 , we see x lies in the range ( 0, 1 ]

Combining all the cases, we get to know x lies in the range ( 0, 1 ] U [ 3, 4)

Question 10. Solve \frac{1}{|x|-3} \leq \frac{1}{2}

Solution:

We have, \frac{1}{|x|-3} \leq \frac{1}{2}

⇒ \frac{1}{|x|-3} - \frac{1}{2}  â‰¤ 0

⇒ \frac{2 - (|x-3|)}{2(|x-3|)}  â‰¤ 0

⇒ \frac{5 - |x|}{|x|-3}  â‰¤ 0

Case 1: when x ≥ 0 then |x| =x

⇒ \frac{5-x}{x-3}  â‰¤ 0

⇒ ( 5 – x ≤ 0 and x – 3 > 0 ) or ( 5 – x ≥ 0 and x – 3 < 0)

⇒  ( x ≥ 5 and x > 3 ) or ( x ≤ 5 and x < 3)

⇒ x ≥ 5 or x < 3

using case 1, we see x lies in the range ( 0, 3 ) U [5, ∞ )

Case 2: when x < 0 then |x| = -x

⇒ \frac{5+x}{-x-3}  â‰¤ 0

⇒ \frac{x+5}{x+3}  â‰¥ 0

⇒ ( x + 5 > 0 and x + 3 > 0 ) or ( x + 5 < 0 and x + 3 < 0)

⇒  ( x > -5 and x > -3 ) or ( x < -5 and x < -3)

⇒ x > -3 or x < -5

using case 2, we see x lies in the range ( -∞, -5 ) U (-3, ∞ )

Combining both the cases, we get to know x lies in the range ( -∞, -5 ) U (-3, ∞ ) U ( 0, 3 ) U [5, ∞ )

Question 11. Solve |x + 1| + |x| > 3

Solution:

We have, |x + 1| + |x| > 3

⇒ |x + 1| = ( x + 1 when x ≥ -1 and -(x + 1) when x < -1 )

similarly, |x| = (x when x ≥ 0 and -x when x < 0)

Case 1: When x < -1

|x + 1| + |x| > 3

⇒ – (x+1) -x > 3

⇒ -2x -1 > 3

⇒ x < -2

using case `1, we see x lies in the range ( -∞, -2 )

Case 2: When -1 ≤ x < 0

|x + 1| + |x| > 3

⇒  (x+1) + x > 3

⇒ 2x > 2

⇒ x > 1

using case `2, we see x lies in the range ( 1, ∞ )

Combining both the cases, we get to know x lies in the range ( -∞, -2 ) U ( 1, ∞ )

Question 12. Solve 1 ≤ |x – 2| ≤ 3

Solution: 

We have, 1 ≤ |x – 2| ≤ 3

Case 1: |x – 2| ≥ 1

⇒ ((x – 2) ≤ -1 or (x-2) ≥ 1) 

⇒ ( x ≤ 1 or x ≥ 3)

using case `1, we see x lies in the range ( -∞,1 ] U [3,∞) 

Case 2:  |x – 2| ≤ 3

⇒  ( -3 ≤ (x-2) ≤ 3)

⇒ (-1 ≤ x ≤ 5)

using case `2, we see x lies in the range [-1, 5]

Combining both the cases, we get to know x lies in the range [-1, 1 ] U [ 3, 5 ]

Question 13. Solve |3-4x| ≥ 9

Solution:

We have, |3-4x| ≥ 9

therefore, by using property of modulus we know, |x| ≥ a ⇒ x ≤ -a or x ≥ a

⇒ (3-4x) ≤ -9 or (3-4x) ≥ 9

⇒ -4x ≤ -12 or  -4x ≥ 6

⇒ x ≥ 3 or  x ≤ -3/2

Hence, we can conclude x lies in the range ( -∞, -3/2] U [ 3, ∞ )



Last Updated : 25 Jan, 2021
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