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CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Notes

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Accountancy is a practice through which business transactions are recorded, classified, and reported for the proper and successful running of an organization. GeeksforGeeks Class 12 Accountancy Notes have been designed according to the CBSE Syllabus for Class 12. These revision notes consist of detailed Chapterwise important topics and concepts. Here, the learners can get easy access to the Chapterwise notes from the below-mentioned quick links. The notes contain 12 chapters covering every important topic like Accounting for Non-for-Profit Organisation, Partnership, Admission of a Partner, Retirement of a Partner, Issue of Shares, Issue of Debentures, Financial Statements of a Company, Cash Flow Statement, Computerised Accounting of a Company and so on.

Class 12 Macroeconomics Notes

PART – A (ACCOUNTING FOR PARTNERSHIP FIRMS AND COMPANIES)

Chapter 1: Accounting for Non-for-Profit Organization

Non-for-Profit Organisation is an organisation that works with the motive to render services to society and not profit-making. Chapter 1 Accounting for Non-for-Profit Organisation of Class 12th Accountancy describes the accounting treatment of different items in this organisation, its financial statements and other aspects. Some of the topics included in this chapter are Balance Sheet in NPO, Introduction to NPO, Income and Expenditure Account of NPO, etc. The notes of this chapter will help build a strong base of the Non-for-Profit Organisation.

Chapter 2: Accounting for Partnership: Basic Concepts

The concept of partnership is a solution to the problems of the sole proprietorship, such as a single person bearing the risk, investing, and managing the capital alone. The second chapter of Class 12th Accountancy Part-A, Accounting for Partnership:Basic Concepts consists of everything required to know about a partnership firm. It also includes the accounting treatment of different items and capital/current accounts of the partners. Some of the topics included in this chapter are Partnership Deed, Profit and Loss Appropriation Account, Past Adjustments, Guarantee of Minimum Profit to a Partner, and so on.

Chapter 3: Reconstitution of a Partnership Firm: Change in Profit Sharing Ratio

Any change in the agreement of a partnership, ends the partnership but the firm remains in existence. The existing agreement between partners ends and a new agreement comes into force which changes the relationship of partners. Such change is known as Reconstitution of Partnership. The third chapter of Class 12th Accountancy includes the change in partnership and relationship between partners when the partner change their profit sharing ratio. The topics included in this chapter are Methods of Calculating Goodwill, Accounting treatment of different items such as WCR, IFF, Partner’s Capital Account, etc.

Chapter 4: Reconstitution of a Partnership Firm: Admission of a Partner

Any change in the agreement of a partnership, ends the partnership but the firm remains in existence. The existing agreement between partners ends and a new agreement comes into force which changes the relationship of partners. Such change is known as Reconstitution of Partnership. The next chapter of Class 12th Accountancy includes the change in partnership and relationship between partners when a new partner joins the partnership. Some of the topics included in the notes of this chapter are Computation of New Profit Sharing Ratio, Hidden Goodwill, Adjustment of Partner’s Capital Account, Accounting Treatment of different items like Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities, etc.

Chapter 5: Reconstitution of a Partnership Firm: Retirement or Death of a Partner

Any change in the agreement of a partnership, ends the partnership but the firm remains in existence. The existing agreement between partners ends and a new agreement comes into force which changes the relationship of partners. Such change is known as Reconstitution of Partnership. The next chapter of Class 12th Accountancy includes the change in partnership and relationship between partners when a partner retires or dies. The important topics of this chapter includes Sacrificing and Gaining Ratio of the partners, Settlement Amount due to a Retiring Partner, Calculation of Share of Profit up to the Date of Death, Accounting Treatment of different items in case of Retirement or Death of a Partner, etc.

Chapter 6: Dissolution of Partnership Firm

Discontinuance of economic relationship between the partners of an organisation is known as Dissolution of firm. Chapter 6 notes of Class 12th Accountancy Part-A consists of everything a firm can do for dissolution and at the time of dissolution. Some of the important topics of this chapter are Accounting Treatment of Goodwill, Taking over of Business by a Partner, Memorandum Balance Sheet, Accounting Treatment of different items such as Contingent Assets and Liabilities, Joint Life Policy, etc.

Chapter 7: Accounting for Share Capital

A company is an artificial person created by law, having separate entity with a perpetual succession and a common seal. For its course of business a company requires funds which it can attain through shares, etc. In the seventh chapter of Class 12th Accountancy Part- A notes, we will discuss about Share Capital and its Accounting in detail. The notes of this chapter cover different topics such as Types of Shares, Issue of Shares at Par, Premium, Oversubscription of Shares, etc.

Chapter 8: Issue and Redemption of Debentures

A company can also raise funds through issue of debentures. The last chapter of Part-A Class 12th Accountancy, Issue and Redemption of Debentures consists of everything required to know about debentures, its issue, and redemption. Some of the important topics included in this chapter are Kinds of Debentures, Issue of Debentures, Interest on Debentures, Redemption of Debentures, etc.

PART – B (FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS)

Chapter 1: Financial Statements of a Company

The accounting process ends with the preparation of the financial statement. The information about the financial position of any company is provided with the help of Financial Statements. The first chapter of Class 12th Accountancy Part-B, Financial Statements of a Company includes the two different financial statements of a company; i.e., Balance Sheet and Profit & Loss Account.

Chapter 2: Analysis of Financial Statements

The work of a company does not end with the preparation of its financial statements, it also has to analyse those statements and draw meaningful conclusions from them. The second chapter, Analysis of Financial Statements of Class 12th Accountancy Part-B, consists of all the information required to learn about the analysis of financial statements. The topics included in the notes of this chapter are Methods of Analysis, Process of Analysis, Comparative Statement, Common-size Statement, etc.

Chapter 3: Accounting Ratios

One of the methods to analyse the financial statements of a company is Ratio Analysis. It defines relationship between various financial factors of a business. Accounting Ratio is the third chapter of Class 12th Accountancy Part-B and consists of different types of accounting ratios. The notes of this chapter give a detailed knowledge about the Different Types of Accounting Ratios, their Formula, and their Significance, with some examples in each for a better understanding of the topic.

Chapter 4: Cash Flow Statement

The financial statements of a company do not depict the true cash position of the company. For this, it has to prepare a Cash Flow Statement which is a summary of the different sources and applications of cash during a specific time period and analyses the reasons behind changes in cash balance between the two balance sheet dates. The fourth chapter of Class 12th Accountancy Part-B, Cash Flow Statement consists in detail of every information required to understand the concept with the help of examples. The topics included in the notes of this chapter are Objectives of Cash Flow Statement, Cash Flow from three different Business Activities, Treatment of Special Items, etc.

OR 

PART – B (COMPUTERISED ACCOUNTING)

Chapter 1: Overview of Computerised Accounting System

A company’s accounting system is the core of its financial management, as it processes all transactions within the organization. It is a software application that automates financial records and reporting processes to make them faster, more accurate, and easier to manage. The first chapter of Class 12th Accountancy Part-B gives detailed knowledge about the Computerised Accounting System of a Company. The topics included in this chapter are Sourcing of Accounting Software, Features of Computerised Accounting System, Computer and its Components, etc.

Chapter 2: Accounting Application of Electronic Spreadsheet

A company requires spreadsheet applications to add and process its data. The next chapter of Class 12th Accountancy Part-B, Accounting Application of Electronic Spreadsheet consists of information regarding the concept of Electronic Spreadsheet, its Features, Application in Generating Accounting Information, and Data Representation.

  • Concept of Electronic Spreadsheet 
  • Features offered by Electronic Spreadsheet 
  • Application in generating accounting information: Bank Reconciliation Statement, Asset Accounting, Loan Repayment of Loan Schedule, and Ratio Analysis 
  • Data Representation: Graphs, Charts, and Diagrams

Chapter 3: Using Computerised Accounting System

The last chapter of Class 12th Accountancy Part-B, Using Computerised Accounting System includes topics like Installation of CAS, Data: Entry, Validation, and Verification, Adjusting Entries, and Need and Security Features of the Computerised Accounting System.

  • Steps in the installation of CAS, codification and Hierarchy of account heads, creation of accounts  
  • Data: Entry, Validation and Verification 
  • Adjusting Entries, Preparation of Balance Sheet, Profit and Loss Account with Opening and Closing Entries 
  • Need and Security features of the system 

CBSE Previous Year Papers (2020)



Last Updated : 08 Aug, 2023
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