Boxplots in R Language
A box graph is a chart that is used to display information in the form of distribution by drawing boxplots for each of them. This distribution of data based on five sets (minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, maximum).
Boxplots are created in R by using the boxplot() function.
Syntax:
boxplot(x, data, notch, varwidth, names, main)Parameters:
- x: This parameter sets as a vector or a formula.
- data: This parameter sets the data frame.
- notch: This parameter is the label for horizontal axis.
- varwidth: This parameter is a logical value. Set as true to draw width of the box proportionate to the sample size.
- main: This parameter is the title of the chart.
- names: This parameter are the group labels that will be showed under each boxplot.
Creating a Simple Box Plot
Approach: To understand how we can create a boxplot:
- We use the data set “mtcars”.
- Let’s look at the columns “mpg” and “cyl” in mtcars.
Example:
input <- mtcars[, c('mpg', 'cyl')]print(head(input)) |
Output:
Creating the Boxplot
Approach: Creating the Boxplot graph:
- Take the parameters which are required to make boxplot.
- Now we draw a graph for the relation between “mpg” and “cyl”.
Example:
# Plot the chart.boxplot(mpg ~ cyl, data = mtcars, xlab = "Number of Cylinders", ylab = "Miles Per Gallon", main = "Mileage Data") |
Output:
Boxplot using notch
Approach: To draw a boxplot using a notch:
- With the help of notch, we can find out how the medians of different data groups match with each other.
- We are using xlab as “Quantity of Cylinders” and ylab as “Miles Per Gallon”.
Example:
# Plot the chart.boxplot(mpg ~ cyl, data = mtcars, xlab = "Number of Cylinders", ylab = "Miles Per Gallon", main = "Mileage Data", notch = TRUE, varwidth = TRUE, col = c("green", "red", "blue"), names = c("High", "Medium", "Low") ) |
Output:
Creating a Violin Plots
Approach: To understand how we can create a boxplot:
- Additional plotting is created by adding extra packages .
- The violin plots are created with the help of vioplot() function.
Example:
# Loading the vioplot package library(vioplot) # Creating data for vioplot function x1 <- mtcars$mpg[mtcars$cyl == 4] x2 <- mtcars$mpg[mtcars$cyl == 6] x3 <- mtcars$mpg[mtcars$cyl == 8] # Creating vioplot function vioplot(x1, x2, x3, names = c("4 cyl", "6 cyl", "8 cyl"), col ="green") # Setting title title("Violin plot example") |
Output:
Two-Dimensional Boxplot Extension
Approach: To understand how we can create a dimensional boxplot, need to do:
- Creating bagplot function to explain it in an easy way.
- In bagplot, taking xlab=”Car Weight” in X-axis, ylab=”Miles Per Gallon” in Y-axis .
Example:
# Loading aplpack package library(aplpack) # Creating bagplot function attach(mtcars) bagplot(wt, mpg, xlab ="Car Weight", ylab ="Miles Per Gallon", main ="2D Boxplot Extension") |
Output:
