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R – Pie Charts

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A pie chart is a circular statistical graphic, which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportions. It depicts a special chart that uses “pie slices”, where each sector shows the relative sizes of data. A circular chart cuts in the form of radii into segments describing relative frequencies or magnitude also known as a circle graph. 

R – Pie Charts

R Programming Language uses the function pie() to create pie charts. It takes positive numbers as a vector input. 

Syntax: pie(x, labels, radius, main, col, clockwise)

Parameters: 

  • x: This parameter is a vector that contains the numeric values which are used in the pie chart.
  • labels: This parameter gives the description to the slices in pie chart.
  • radius: This parameter is used to indicate the radius of the circle of the pie chart.(value between -1 and +1).
  • main: This parameter is represents title of the pie chart.
  • clockwise: This parameter contains the logical value which indicates whether the slices are drawn clockwise or in anti clockwise direction.
  • col: This parameter give colors to the pie in the graph.

Creating a simple pie chart

To create a simple R pie chart: 

  • By using the above parameters, we can draw a pie chart.
  • It can be described by giving simple labels.

Example: 

R




# Create data for the graph.
geeks<- c(23, 56, 20, 63)
labels <- c("Mumbai", "Pune", "Chennai", "Bangalore")
 
# Plot the chart.
pie(geeks, labels)


Output:

R - Pie ChartsGeeksforgeeks

R – Pie Charts

Pie chart including the title and colors

To create a color and title pie chart. 

  • Take all parameters which are required to make a R pie chart by giving a title to the chart and adding labels.
  • We can add more features by adding more parameters with more colors to the points.

Example: 

R




# Create data for the graph.
geeks<- c(23, 56, 20, 63)
labels <- c("Mumbai", "Pune", "Chennai", "Bangalore")
 
# Plot the chart with title and rainbow
# color pallet.
pie(geeks, labels, main = "City pie chart",
            col = rainbow(length(geeks)))


Output:

R - Pie ChartsGeeksforgeeks

R – Pie Charts

Slice Percentage & Chart Legend

To create chart legend and slice percentage, we can plot by doing the below methods. 

  • There are two more properties of the pie chart: 
    • slice percentage
    • chart legend.
  • We can show the chart in the form of percentages as well as add legends.

Example: 

R




# Create data for the graph.
geeks <- c(23, 56, 20, 63)
labels <- c("Mumbai", "Pune", "Chennai", "Bangalore")
 
piepercent<- round(100 * geeks / sum(geeks), 1)
 
# Plot the chart.
pie(geeks, labels = piepercent,
    main = "City pie chart", col = rainbow(length(geeks)))
legend("topright", c("Mumbai", "Pune", "Chennai", "Bangalore"),
                    cex = 0.5, fill = rainbow(length(geeks)))


Output:

R - Pie ChartsGeeksforgeeks

R – Pie Charts

Add pie chart color palettes

With the help of.pal function of the RColorBrewer package in R.

R




Get the library.
library(RColorBrewer)
 
# Create data for the graph.
geeks <- c(23, 56, 20, 63)
labelss <- c("Mumbai", "Pune", "Chennai", "Bangalore")
 
labels<- brewer.pal(length(geeks), "Set2")
 
pie(geeks, labels = labelss)


Output:

R - Pie ChartsGeeksforgeeks

R – Pie Charts

 modify the line type of the borders of the plot we can make use of the lty argument:

R




Get the library.
library(RColorBrewer)
 
# Create data for the graph.
geeks <- c(23, 56, 20, 63)
labelss <- c("Mumbai", "Pune", "Chennai", "Bangalore")
 
labels<- brewer.pal(length(geeks), "Set2")
 
pie(geeks, labels = labelss, col = color, lty = 2)


Output:

R - Pie ChartsGeeksforgeeks

R – Pie Charts

Add shading lines with the density argument. 

R




#Get the library.
library(RColorBrewer)
 
# Create data for the graph.
geeks <- c(23, 56, 20, 63)
labelss <- c("Mumbai", "Pune", "Chennai", "Bangalore")
 
labels<- brewer.pal(length(geeks), "Set2")
 
pie(geeks, labels = labelss,col = color, density = 50, angle = 45)


Output:

R - Pie ChartsGeeksforgeeks

R – Pie Charts

3D Pie Chart

Here we are going to create a 3D Pie chart using plotrix package and then we will use pie3D() function to plot 3D plot.

R




# Get the library.
library(plotrix)
 
# Create data for the graph.
geeks <- c(23, 56, 20, 63)
labels <- c("Mumbai", "Pune", "Chennai", "Bangalore")
 
piepercent<- round(100 * geeks / sum(geeks), 1)
 
# Plot the chart.
pie3D(geeks, labels = piepercent,
    main = "City pie chart", col = rainbow(length(geeks)))
legend("topright", c("Mumbai", "Pune", "Chennai", "Bangalore"),
                    cex = 0.5, fill = rainbow(length(geeks)))


Output:

R - Pie ChartsGeeksforgeeks

R – Pie Charts

 



Last Updated : 08 Jun, 2023
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