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Puzzle 6 | (Monty Hall problem)

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Suppose you’re on a game show, and you’re given the choice of three doors: Behind one door is a car; behind the others, goats. You pick a door, say No. 1, and the host, who knows what’s behind the doors, opens another door, say No. 3, which has a goat. He then says to you, “Do you want to pick door No. 2?” Is it to your advantage to switch your choice?
 

220px-Monty_open_door.svg

Solution: There are two cases here :

  1. Switching
  2. Not switching

Case 1 :

If we know we are switching, we need to select a door which has a goat in order to win the car. As we select a door having a goat, the host should only open the door that have the another goat so the remaining door has a car which we get by switching.

So, probability of selecting a door which has a goat is 2/3 as 2 doors out of 3 have goats. Therefore probability of winning a car by switching is 2/3.

Case 2 :

If we know we are not switching, we need to select a door which has a car in order to win the car. 

So probability of selecting a door which has a car is 1/3 as 1 door out of 3 has car. Therefore probability of winning a car by not switching is 1/3.

As probability of winning a car by switching is higher than not switching. It is advantage to switch.


Last Updated : 14 Sep, 2023
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