Function Arguments in R Programming

Arguments are the parameters provided to a function to perform operations in a programming language. In R programming, we can use as many arguments as we want and are separated by a comma. There is no limit on the number of arguments in a function in R. In this article, we’ll discuss different ways of adding arguments in a function in R programming.

Adding Arguments in R

We can pass an argument to a function while calling the function by simply giving the value as an argument inside the parenthesis. Below is an implementation of a function with a single argument.

Syntex:

function_name <- function(arg1, arg2, … )
{
code
}

Example:1

R

calculate_square <- function(x) {
  result <- x^2
  return(result)
}
 
value1 <- 5
square1 <- calculate_square(value1)
print(square1) 
 
value2 <- -2.5
square2 <- calculate_square(value2)
print(square2)

Output:

[1] 25
 
[1] 6.25

Example:2

R

# Function definition
# To check n is divisible by 5 or not
divisbleBy5 <- function(n){
if(n %% 5 == 0)
{
    return("number is divisible by 5")
}
else
{
    return("number is not divisible by 5")
}
}
 
# Function call
divisbleBy5(100)
divisbleBy5(4)
divisbleBy5(20.0)

Output:

[1] "number is divisible by 5"
[1] "number is not divisible by 5"
[1] "number is divisible by 5"

Adding Multiple Arguments in R

A function in R programming can have multiple arguments too. Below is an implementation of a function with multiple arguments.

Example:

R

# Function definition
# To check a is divisible by b or not
divisible <- function(a, b){
if(a %% b == 0)
{
    return(paste(a, "is divisible by", b))
}
else
{
    return(paste(a, "is not divisible by", b))
}
}
 
# Function call
divisible(7, 3)
divisible(36, 6)
divisible(9, 2)

Output:

[1] "7 is not divisible by 3"
[1] "36 is divisible by 6"
[1] "9 is not divisible by 2"

Adding Default Value in R

The default value in a function is a value that is not required to specify each time the function is called. If the value is passed by the user, then the user-defined value is used by the function otherwise, the default value is used. Below is an implementation of a function with a default value.

Example:

R

# Function definition to check
# a is divisible by b or not.
# If b is not provided in function call,
# Then divisibility of a is checked with 3 as default
divisible <- function(a, b = 3){
if(a %% b == 0)
{
    return(paste(a, "is divisible by", b))
}
else
{
    return(paste(a, "is not divisible by", b))
}
}
 
# Function call
divisible(10, 5)
divisible(12)

Output:

[1] "10 is divisible by 5"
[1] "12 is divisible by 3"

Dots Argument

Dots argument (…) is also known as ellipsis which allows the function to take an undefined number of arguments. It allows the function to take an arbitrary number of arguments. Below is an example of a function with an arbitrary number of arguments.

Example:

R

# Function definition of dots operator
fun <- function(n, ...){
l <- list(n, ...)
paste(l, collapse = " ")
}
 
# Function call
fun(5, 1L, 6i, TRUE, "GeeksForGeeks", "Dots operator")

Output:

[1] "5 1 0+6i TRUE GeeksForGeeks Dots operator"

Function as Argument

In R programming, functions can be passed to another functions as arguments. Below is an implementation of function as an argument.

Example:

R

# Function definition
# Function is passed as argument
fun <- function(x, fun2){
return(fun2(x))
}
 
# sum is built-in function
fun(c(1:10), sum)
 
# mean is built-in function
fun(rnorm(50), mean)