Puzzle 29 | (Car Wheel Puzzle)

Puzzle: A car has 4 tyres and 1 spare tyre. Each tyre can travel a maximum distance of 20000 miles before wearing off. What is the maximum distance the car can travel before you are forced to buy a new tyre? You are allowed to change tyres (using the spare tyre) an unlimited number of times.

Answer: 25000 kms

Solution: Divide the lifetime of the spare tire into 4 equal part i.e., 5000 and swap it at each completion of 5000 miles distance.

Let four tyres be named as A, B, C and D and spare tyre be S.

1. 5000 KMs: Replace A with S. Remaining distances (A, B, C, D, S) : 15000, 15000, 15000, 15000, 20000.
   
2. 10000 KMs: Put A back to its original position and replace B with S. Remaining distances (A, B, C, D, S) : 15000, 10000, 10000, 10000, 15000.
   
3. 15000 KMs: Put B back to its original position and replace C with S. Remaining distances (A, B, C, D, S) : 10000, 10000, 5000, 5000, 10000.
   
4. 20000 KMs: Put C back to its original position and replace D with S. Remaining distances (A, B, C, D, S) : 5000, 5000, 5000, 0, 5000.
   
5. 25000 KMs: Every tyre is now worn out completely.
   

All tyres are used to their full strength.

Related Amazon interview question

There are n pencils, each having l length. Each can write 4 kilometres. After writing 4 kilometres it has l/4 length. One can join 4 pencils which are having l/4 length and can make 1 pencil. One can’t make pencil of pieces if remaining pieces are 3 or 2 or 1 in number but one can include these remaining pieces whenever needed.
Write a relation independent of l, length of the given pencil, for how much one can write from n pencils.

Examples:

Input: 4
Output: 20

Recursive Approach:
Suppose we use 3 pencils that will 12 and generate 3 used pencils, now if the remaining pencils are greater than zero at least 1 unused pencil can be used with those 3 unused to write 4 and that will generate 1 more unused pencil. This will keep repeating.

if(n-3 >= 1){
  f(n) = f(n-3) + 12 + 4
} 
else{
  // Used pencil that cannot be used
  f(n) = 4 + 4 
}

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

Mathematical Approach O(1):
Above relation can be optimized in O(1)

// x is max no of time we can 
//subtract 3 without n-3 <= 3
n - 3 + x <= 3     
x  >  (n-3)/3
i.e. n/3 - 1 if it divides exactly
else n/3

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

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