Prime Numbers - GeeksforGeeks

A prime number is a whole number greater than 1, which is only divisible by 1 and itself. First few prime numbers are : 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 …..

Some interesting fact about Prime numbers

Two is the only even Prime number.
Every prime number can represented in form of 6n+1 or 6n-1 except 2 and 3, where n is natural number.
Two and Three are only two consecutive natural numbers which are prime too.
Goldbach Conjecture: Every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes.
Wilson Theorem : Wilson’s theorem states that a natural number p > 1 is a prime number if and only if

    (p - 1) ! ≡  -1   mod p 
OR  (p - 1) ! ≡  (p-1) mod p

Fermat’s Little Theorem: If n is a prime number, then for every a, 1 <= a < n,

a^n-1 ≡ 1 (mod n)
 OR 
a^n-1 % n = 1

Prime Number Theorem : The probability that a given, randomly chosen number n is prime is inversely proportional to its number of digits, or to the logarithm of n.
Lemoine’s Conjecture : Any odd integer greater than 5 can be expressed as a sum of an odd prime (all primes other than 2 are odd) and an even semiprime. A semiprime number is a product of two prime numbers. This is called Lemoine’s conjecture.

How we check whether a number is Prime or not?

Naive solution.
A naive solution is to iterate through all numbers from 2 to n-1 and for every number check if it divides n. If we find any number that divides, we return false.

C++

// A school method based C++ program to 
// check if a number is prime
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// function check whether a number 
// is prime or not
bool isPrime(int n)
{
    // Corner case
    if (n <= 1)
        return false;
 
    // Check from 2 to n-1
    for (int i = 2; i < n; i++)
        if (n % i == 0)
            return false;
 
    return true;
}
 
// Driver Program
int main()
{
    isPrime(11) ? cout << " true\n" : 
                  cout << " false\n";
    return 0;
}

Java

// A school method based Java program to  
// check if a number is prime
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
 
class GFG{
 
// Check for number prime or not
static boolean isPrime(int n) 
{
     
    // Check if number is less than 
    // equal to 1
    if (n <= 1) 
        return false; 
         
    // Check if number is 2 
    else if (n == 2) 
        return true;
         
    // Check if n is a multiple of 2
    else if (n % 2 == 0)
        return false;
         
    // If not, then just check the odds
    for(int i = 3; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i += 2) 
    {
        if (n % i == 0)
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args) 
{
     if (isPrime(19)) 
        System.out.println("true");
     
     else
        System.out.println("false");
}
}
     
// This code is contributed by Ronak Bhensdadia

Python3

# A school method based Python3 program 
# to check if a number is prime
 
# function check whether a number 
# is prime or not
def isPrime(n):
     
    # Corner case
    if (n <= 1):
        return False
 
    # Check from 2 to n-1
    for i in range(2, n):
        if (n % i == 0):
            return False
 
    return True
 
# Driver Program 
if isPrime(11):
    print ("true")
else:
    print ("false")
     
# This code is contributed by Sachin Bisht

C#

// A school method based C# program to 
// check if a number is prime
using System;
 
class GFG
{
    // function check whether a  
    // number is prime or not
    static bool isPrime(int n)
    {
        // Corner case
        if (n <= 1)
            return false;
     
        // Check from 2 to n-1
        for (int i = 2; i < n; i++)
            if (n % i == 0)
                return false;
     
        return true;
    }
     
    // Driver Code
    static void Main() 
    {
        if(isPrime(11)) 
            Console.Write(" true") ;
         
        else
            Console.Write(" false");
    } 
}
 
// This code is contributed by Sam007

PHP

<?php
// A school method based PHP program to 
// check if a number is prime
 
// function check whether a number 
// is prime or not
function isPrime($n)
{
    // Corner case
    if ($n <= 1)
        return false;
 
    // Check from 2 to n-1
    for ($i = 2; $i < $n; $i++)
        if ($n % $i == 0)
            return false;
 
    return true;
}
 
// Driver Code
if(isPrime(11))
    echo("true");
else
    echo("false");
 
// This code is contributed by Ajit.
?>

Output :
Time complexity :O(n)

True

Efficient solutions

Algorithms to find all prime number smaller the N.

More problems related to Prime number

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My Personal Notes

C++

Java

Python3

C#

PHP

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