CSS | Units
CSS has several different units for expressing the length and measurement. CSS units are needed to specify the measurement in stylesheet like padding:”5px”. Mainly there are two types of units in CSS.
- Absolute Length
- Relative Length
Absolute Length: It is not good for use on-screen, cause screen size varies so much depending on the device used for that page it is recommended to use for print layout and where the output medium is known.
Absolute Length Units:
- cm: centimeter
Syntax:
font-size: 0.5cm; line-height: 0.1cm;
- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>CSS units</title> <style> .gfg { font-size: 1.2cm; font-weight:bold; } .geeks { font-size: 0.5cm; line-height: 0.1cm; } </style> </head> <body> <div class = "gfg">GeeksforGeeks</gfg> <div class = "geeks">A computer science portal for geeks</div> </body></html> |
- Output:
- mm: milimeter
Syntax:
font-size: 5mm; line-height: 1mm;
- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>CSS units</title> <style> .gfg { font-size: 12mm; font-weight:bold; } .geeks { font-size: 5mm; line-height: 1mm; } </style> </head> <body> <div class = "gfg">GeeksforGeeks</gfg> <div class = "geeks">A computer science portal for geeks</div> </body></html> |
- Output:
- in: inches
Note: inches (1in = 96px = 2.54cm)
Syntax:
font-size: 0.2in;
line-height: 0.1in;- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>CSS units</title> <style> .gfg { font-size: .5in; font-weight:bold; } .geeks { font-size: .2in; line-height: .1in; } </style> </head> <body> <div class = "gfg">GeeksforGeeks</gfg> <div class = "geeks">A computer science portal for geeks</div> </body></html> |
- Output:
- px: pixels
Note: pixels (1px = 1/96th of 1in)
Syntax:
font-size: 20px; line-height: 10px;
- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>CSS units</title> <style> .gfg { font-size: 40px; font-weight:bold; } .geeks { font-size: 17px; line-height: 5px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class = "gfg">GeeksforGeeks</gfg> <div class = "geeks">A computer science portal for geeks</div> </body></html> |
- Output:
- pt:points
Note: points (1pt = 1/72 of 1in)
Syntax:
font-size: 16pt;
line-height: 8pt;- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>CSS units</title> <style> .gfg { font-size: 35pt; font-weight:bold; } .geeks { font-size: 15pt; line-height: 5pt; } </style> </head> <body> <div class = "gfg">GeeksforGeeks</gfg> <div class = "geeks">A computer science portal for geeks</div> </body></html> |
- Output:
- pc: picas
Note: picas (1pc = 12 pt)
Syntax:
font-size: 1pc;
line-height: 0.5pc;- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>CSS units</title> <style> .gfg { font-size: 3pc; font-weight:bold; } .geeks { font-size: 1.3pc; line-height: .2pc; } </style> </head> <body> <div class = "gfg">GeeksforGeeks</gfg> <div class = "geeks">A computer science portal for geeks</div> </body></html> |
- Output:
Relative Length: It is good for use on screen, if screen size varies so much depending on the device then these relative length units are perfect because it changes with the different rendering mediums.
Relative Length Units:
- em: Relative to the font size of that element.
Note: Here 2em meaning 2times the size of current font.
Syntax:
font-size: 10px;
line-height: 2em;- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>relative unit</title> <style> p { font-size: 15px; line-height: 2em; } </style> </head> <body> <p>GeeksforGeeks Line height: 2x10px = 20px</p> <p>GeeksforGeeks Line height: 2x10px = 20px</p> <p>GeeksforGeeks Line height: 2x10px = 20px</p> </body></html> |
- Output:
- ex: Relative to the X(axis)-height of the current font.
Syntax:
font-size: 1ex;
- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>relative unit</title> <style> p { font-size: 40px; } span { font-size: 1ex; } </style> </head> <body> <p>GeeksforGeeks:<span>A computer science portal for geeks</span></p> </body></html> |
- Output:
- ch: Relative to width of the 0.
Syntax:
font-size: 2ch;
- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>ch unit in CSS</title> <style> body { font-size:50px; } div { font-size: 1ch; } </style> </head> <body> <p>GeeksforGeeks</p> <div>A computer science portal for geeks</div> </body></html> |
- Output:
- rem: Relative to the browser base font-size.
Syntax:
font-size: 3rem;
- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>ch unit in CSS</title> <style> body { font-size:4rem; } div { font-size: 1.6rem; } </style> </head> <body> <p>GeeksforGeeks</p> <div>A computer science portal for geeks</div> </body></html> |
- Output:
- vw: Relative to 1% of the width of the viewport.
Syntax:
font-size: 10vw;
- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>vw unit</title> <style> h1 { font-size: 4vw; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>GeeksforGeeks</h1> <p>A computer science portal for geeks</p> </body></html> |
- Output:
- vh: Relative to 1% of the height of the viewport.
Syntax:
font-size: 10vh;
- Example:
html
<html> <head> <style> h1 { font-size: 6vh; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>GeeksforGeeks</h1> <p>A computer science portal for geeks</p> </body></html> |
- Output:
- vmin: Relative to 1% of the viewport’s smaller dimension.
Syntax:
font-size: 10vmin;
- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>vmin unit</title> <style> h1 { font-size: 8vmin; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>GeeksforGeeks</h1> <p>A computer science portal for geeks</p> <p>1vmin = 1vw or 1vh whichever is smaller.</p> </body></html> |
- Output:
- vmax: Relative to 1% of the viewport’s larger dimension.
Syntax:
font-size: 20vmax;
- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>vmax unit</title> <style> h1 { font-size: 5vmax; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>GeeksforGeeks</h1> <p>A computer science portal for geeks</p> <p>1vmax = 1vw or 1vh whichever larger.</p> </body></html> |
- Output:
- %: % unit sets the font-size relative to the current font-size.
Syntax:
font-size: 250%;
- Example:
html
<html> <head> <title>CSS unit</title> <style> body { font-size:250%; } div { font-size: 17px; } </style> </head> <body> <p>GeeksforGeeks</p> <div>A computer science portal for geeks</div> </body></html> |
- Output:
Supported Browser:
- Google Chrome
- Internet Explorer
- Firefox
- Opera
- Safari
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