NCERT Solutions for Chapter 2 Nationalism in India Class 10 Social Science History

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism In India– This article includes free NCERT Solutions For Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism In India according to the latest CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, and guidelines.

It has been developed by the subject matter experts at GFG, to help the students of Class 10 create a solid conceptual base for Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism In India and help them solve questions for exams.

NCERT Solutions History Chapter 2

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism In India, is about the Congress and how they developed the national movement, how different social groups participated in the movement, and how nationalism captured the imagination of people.

The solutions to all the exercises in NCERT Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism In India have been collectively covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science.

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism In India

Write in brief.

Q1. Explain.

a) Why is the growth of nationalism in the colonies linked to an anti-colonial movement? 

Answer-

1. The anti-colonial movement is an initiative that advocates for resistance to all of the policies and practices that contribute to the institution of colonialism. 
2. It is a movement that encourages people to have strong national pride.
3. It accurately characterizes the rise of nationalism in the colonies as an anti-colonial movement during this period. 
4. The idea of nationalism defines a person’s passion for their own country and, as a result, their opposition to any action that might strengthen colonial power.

b) How the First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India.

Answer-

1. During the First World War, the British army carried out conscription through coercion in the rural districts of India.
2. High customs fees and income taxes were enforced to provide funding for the nation’s defense spending. 
3. Forced recruitments prevailed in villages.
4. Several regions in India experienced crop failure in 1918–19 and 1920–21, which led to severe shortages of food during those years.
5. About 12 to 13 milion people died due to the famines and also epidemics.
6. As a result of this, there was widespread indignation and opposition directed toward the British colonial government, and the national movement in India moved in a stronger and more definite course.

c) Why Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act.

Answer-

1. Rowlatt Act came to be introduced in 1919.
2. The act has hurriedly padded by the Imperial Legislative Council, but it came to be opposed completely by the Indian members.
3. Enormous power was given to the Government for repressing any political activities.
4. It also allowed the detention of any political prisoner for a time period of two years.

d) Why Gandhiji decided to withdraw from the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Answer-

Gandhiji was concerned that the agitation was becoming increasingly violent in many locations. ii A fight broke out at Chauri Chaura, which is located in Uttar Pradesh. A police officer assaulted a volunteer group that was picketing a booze store while they were there. In an act of defiance, a group of peasants walked to the police station, locked the door behind them, and then set fire to the building, ultimately resulting in the deaths of 22 police officers. Gandhiji was shaken up by the event, and as a result, he withdrew support for the movement.

Q2. What is meant by the idea of satyagraha?

Answer-

The concept of Satyagraha emphasized the authority of the truth as well as the necessity of searching for the truth. It was argued that using physical force was not required to discover the oppressor if the cause was legitimate and the struggle was against the unfair treatment of people. After landing in India, Mahatma Gandhi was able to successfully organize the Satyagraha Movement in several locales, including:

• In 1916, he went to the region of Champaran in Bihar to encourage the local peasants to engage in a resistance movement against indigo planting.
• In 1917, he initiated the Satyagraha campaign to provide assistance to the peasants of the Kheda region of Gujarat who had been unable to pay the revenue due to the failure of their crops and the outbreak of the plague.
• In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi traveled to Ahmedabad to organize the Satyagraha campaign among the city’s cotton mill employees.

Q3. Write a newspaper report on

a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre 

Answer-

The massacre that took place in Jallianwala Bagh occurred when General Dyer opened fire on a gathering of villagers who had assembled there. He then proceeded to enter the area and block all of the exits. As a result of the firing, hundreds of people living in the area who were unaware that martial law had been imposed in the city were killed. The objective of Dyer’s plan was to create an a’moral effect’ and instill fear in satyagraha. The indiscriminate firing by the British forces resulted in the deaths and injuries of hundreds of innocent civilians, including women and children, and ultimately led to anger across the nation. The massacre that took place in Jallianwala Bagh became the bloodiest event in the entire history of India.

b) The Simon Commission

Answer-

The Conservative government in Britain, led by Sir John Simon, was responsible for establishing the Simon Commission. The goal of the Commission was to investigate how India’s constitutional system works in practice and provide recommendations for amending the constitution as a result of its findings. However, nationalists in India were against the Commission because it did not include even one Indian member. As a result, the Simon Commission received a warm reception using the slogan “Go Back, Simon” when it arrived in India in 1928. The demonstrations were attended by representatives from every level of government, particularly Congress and the Muslim League.

Q4. Compare the images of Bharat Mata in this chapter with the image of Germania in Chapter 1. 

Answer-

Germania

1. Germania was represented as a symbol of Germany.
2. The image came to be painted by Philip Veit in the year 1848.
3. The image had a woman carrying a sword in one hand and the flag in another hand.
4. Germania was wearing a crown that was made of oak leaves, as the oak in German stands for heroism.

Bharat Mata

1. Bharat Mata was a symbol of India.
2. It was painted by Abindranath Tagore in the year 1905.
3. The woman is standing with Trishul, standing beside a lion and elephant, symbols of both powers as well as authority.

Discuss.

Q1. List all the social groups that joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921. Then choose any three and write about their hopes and struggles to show why they joined the movement. 

Answer-

Different social groups joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921, which included the following:

1. The urban middle class included lawyers, students, and teachers.
2. Peasants
3. Tribal
4. Workers

Following are the three of them discussing their hopes and struggles to show why they joined the movement:

Middle-Class Participation in Cities

Many thousands of students have left the government schools and colleges, teachers as well as headmasters resigned and lawyers came to give up their legal practices. Council elections came to be boycotted in many provinces and the effects were most visible on the economic front; with foreign goods being boycotted, liquor shops picketed and foreign clothes being burned in bonfires.

Peasants and Tribal

In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra and the movement was against the powerful talukdars and landlords who demanded very high rents and also a variety of other cesses from the peasants. Peasants had to do beggar and work on the lands of landlords without payment. The peasants demanded a reduction of revenue, abolition of beggar, and also a social boycott of the oppression of landlords.

Workers in Plantations

For plantation workers in Assam, freedom came to mean the right to move freely in as well as out of the confined areas in which they are enclosed, and it also meant retention of a link from the village they came from. Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, the workers on the plantation were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission and when they heard of the non-cooperation movement, thousands of plantation workers defied the authorities and left the plantation and headed home.

Q2. Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism.

Answer-

Mahatma Gandhi recognized the commodity of salt as a potent symbol with the potential to bring the nation together. 

• On the 31st of January, 1930, he wrote a letter outlining eleven demands from Viceroy Irwin eleven. One of these demands was that the salt legislation be repealed.
• Salt was and still is one of the particular basic dietary commodities. It is consumed by the wealthy and the less fortunate, which is why a tax on it was and is seen as absolutely unfair.
• The letter that Gandhi sent was a final warning, and he threatened to begin a civil disobedience campaign if his demands were not fulfilled by March 11.
• Gandhi’s well-known salt march, which he led alongside 78 of his most reliable volunteers, directly resulted from the British administration’s failure to consider the requests. The route included more than 390 kilometers and began at an ashram in Sabarmati and ended in the seaside town of Dandi in Gujarat.
• The trek took the volunteers around 24 days, with each day consisting of 10 miles. Along the route, many more people decided to participate, which caused the total number of marchers to skyrocket.
• On April 6th, Gandhi arrived in Dandi, where he formally disobeyed a law prohibiting salt production by heating seawater to produce salt. This event served as the starting point for the movement of civil disobedience.

Q3. Imagine you are a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life.

Answer-

As soon as I realized that I needed to serve the country however I could, I became very excited to participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement. This realization made me very pleased. I was present when Gandhiji gave a speech in which he urged all of us to take part in this movement. I offered Satyagraha because he had inspired me to do so. Stores selling foreign clothing and alcoholic beverages were picketed, and anyone participating risked arrest. Because of these actions, I experienced a sense of empowerment and the realization that women are equally capable of actively supporting males in pursuing the ultimate goal of winning independence from the British. My participation in this event has opened my eyes to the fact that women, like men, have a significant part to play in the achievement of our freedom.  

Q4. Why did political leaders differ sharply over separate electorates? 

Answer-

The British government came up with the idea of having separate electorates. It was devised so that members of a single religious group could cast ballots for only members of their faith. The goal was to sow discord among Indians to undermine their political independence movement. Because it would further polarize India’s religious communities, the Congress leaders believed it would only serve to extend the British colonial control of India.

Muslim leaders like Mohammed Ali Jinnah advocated for separate electorates to protect Muslims’ rights in a Hindu-majority India. Dr. Ambedkar believed that the only way the oppressed classes could have any influence in government was through distinct electorates; hence he also favored that. Later, when he agreed to shared electorates within the Poona Pact, it was on the condition that disadvantaged groups be guaranteed representation in both the provincial and national legislatures.

Project.

Find out about the anti-colonial movement in Indo-China. Compare and contrast India’s national movement with how Indo-China became independent.

Answer-

Colonialism was the driving force behind the rise of nationalism in Indo-China. The formation of a modern Vietnamese country, which brought together people from many diverse communities, was partly the product of colonization. Still, the fight against colonial dominance was just as crucial in its formation.

The region of modern-day China is known as Indo-China. Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos faced similar challenges posed by European colonization. India was not alone in this experience. They, too, fought back to reclaim their independence, and it was from this point on that their nationalist movement began. Vietnam was the first country to formally declare its independence in 1945, ahead of India, yet, it took three additional decades of fighting for Vietnam to become a republic. Colonialism was the driving force behind the rise of nationalism in Indo-China. The formation of a modern Vietnamese country, which brought together people from many diverse communities, was partly the product of colonization, but the fight against colonial dominance was just as crucial in its formation.

Comparison between  India’s national movement and Indo-China movement-

• There was a rise of nationalism in India as a response to the oppression of British rule. At first, the people had no idea that the British were covertly suppressing them. Conversely, Vietnam emerged solely as a result of colonial influence and lived under the shadow of the Chinese empire.
• In India, the humbling experiences brought the people together, and they banded forces to stand for their freedom. Whereas, Chinese principles ruled Vietnam, and the national language was Chinese.
• The solidarity arose as a result of years of effort by a diverse group of freedom fighters. The French established a colony in Vietnam in 1858 due to the country’s natural asset wealth. The French had started construction projects to take over the country. Satyagraha, which translates as “insistence for truth,” was a formidable battle strategy Mahatma Gandhi introduced.
• In 1947, India won its independence from the British. Vietnam won independence from France in 1945, but it took nearly three decades of struggle before it was recognized as a republic.

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism In India Summary

Chapter 2 of NCERT Class 10 Social Science History Textbook, Indian and Contemporary World-II is known as “Nationalism in India”. The anti-colonial movement which took place had given rise to the feeling of Nationalism in India.

The British came to suffocate the people of India, revolts and rebels broke in various waves of struggle as well as revolts; and many difficulties through which Indians went through for freeing themselves from the clutches of the Britishers, which is explained in detail in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science.

Important Topics Discussed in Chapter 2 Nationalism In India NCERT Class 10 History Social Science

1. The First World War, Khilafat, and Non-Cooperation
2. Different Strands Within the Movement
3. Towards Civil Disobedience
4. The Sense of Collective Belonging
5. Idea of Satyagraha
6. Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre

To read notes of Chapter 2 Nationalism In India NCERT Class 10 History Social Science, click here –
CBSE Class 10 History Notes Chapter 2: Nationalism in India

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism In India- FAQs

1. What are the main topics which are covered in Chapter 2 Nationalism In India NCERT Class 10 History Social Science?

The main topics which are covered in Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History are as follows:

1. The First World War, Khilafat, and Non-Cooperation
2. Different Strands Within the Movement
3. Towards Civil Disobedience
4. The Sense of Collective Belonging
5. Idea of Satyagraha
6. Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre

2. Do the NCERT Solutions For Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism In India help students in CBSE Term II exam preparations?

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism In India is about how the Congress sought to develop of national movement, how different social groups participate in the movement, and how nationalism has captured the minds and ideas of Indian people. The answers prepared are brief and very resourceful for students preparing for the Term II exams of CBSE.

3. How can I effectively use the NCERT Solutions For Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism In India?

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism In India deal with nationalism in India and the solutions give students a clearer view of the oppression from Britishers and how the sense of nationalism developed among the people. Students can rely strongly on this type of resource for preparation of examination as these are brief and smartly prepared.