NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 3, the students will gain an understanding of how the world became interconnected via the development of trade, beginning in ancient times with the silk road and continuing through the industrial revolution. We understand how imperial nations took advantage of colonialism to advance their economic interests for the benefit of commerce. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 3 The Making of Global World, focuses on significant events such as the movement of people forced to work as indentured laborers, the traffic of slaves, the Great Depression, and the development of the current financial system. For aspiring students here detailed Making Of A Global World NCERT Solutions.
NCERT Solutions History Chapter 3
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 3: The Making of a Global World
Write in brief
1. Give two examples of different types of global exchanges before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas.
Answer-
Here are two examples of different types of global exchange-
- Prior to the 17th century, China traded gold and silver for gold and silver produced in Europe in exchange for goods such as silk and pottery. The old “silk route” was used to do business for these transactions.
- After its discovery in the Americas by Christopher Columbus at the tail end of the 15th century, a great deal of the food that is now consumed in Europe originated in the Americas. These include potatoes, soybeans, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, and chili peppers.
2. Explain how the global transfer of disease in the pre-modern world helped in the colonization of the Americas.
Answer-
After America was discovered, waves of Europeans, including Spaniards and Portuguese, immigrated to the continent.
- They unknowingly carried the bacteria that caused smallpox in their bodies.
- Since the Native American Indians in the Americas did not have immunity to the diseases that the settlers, as well as colonizers, carried with them, the colonization of the Americas was aided by the global spread of disease that occurred in the pre-modern world.
- Because they had been isolated from the rest of the world for millions of years, Native Americans lacked any kind of immunity to the disease known as smallpox. On the other hand, Europeans were more or less immune to it.
- These pathogens were responsible for the death and eradication of entire communities, which paved the way for the dominance of alien nations.
- It was possible to eliminate weapons and soldiers by capture or destruction; however, there was no defense against sickness. However, diseases such as smallpox, which the conquerors had significant immunity to, did not affect them.
3. Write a note to explain the effects of the following:
(a) The British government’s decision to abolish the Corn Laws.
Answer-
Food could be brought into Britain at a lower cost through the importation process than it could have been produced domestically.
Huge swaths of land were not used for agricultural purposes. Consequently, thousands of working-age men and women lost their jobs. They moved to cities and resided there, and many of them moved abroad in search of employment opportunities.
(b) The coming of Rinderpest to Africa.
Answer-
In the late 1880s, the illness known as rinderpest, which is a rapid-spreading form of cow plague, was brought to Africa. It had a devastating effect on people’s means of subsistence as well as the economy of the area. It first appeared in East Africa, but it didn’t take long for it to reach the rest of the continent. It arrived in 1892 on the Atlantic coast of Africa, and within the next five years, it made its way to the Cape, which is the southern point of Africa.
The Italian troops that were conquering Eritrea in East Africa were fed sick livestock that had been brought from British Asia. The Italian troops were in Eritrea. Utilizing this circumstance to their advantage, colonizing powers conquered and enslaved Africa by monopolizing limited cattle resources in order to coerce Africans into entering the labor market. This allowed the colonizing nations to subjugate and rule over Africa.
(c) The death of men of working age in Europe because of the World War.
Answer-
The majority of those who perished in the First World War were members of younger generations of employed men. As a consequence of this, the labor force in Europe shrunk, which in turn led to a decrease in household income. The advancement of women in society ultimately resulted in a need for more equality in status. The feminist movement became more powerful as a result. In time, women joined the workforce alongside males in every industry. The long-term impacts led to women and children becoming more self-sufficient and having greater freedom.
(d) The Great Depression on the Indian economy.
Answer-
In the late 1880s, Europeans were responsible for introducing rinderpest, a rapidly contagious disease of cattle plague, to Africa. Rift Valley fever spread through Africa ‘like a forest fire’ after entering the continent from the east, wiping off roughly 90 percent of the continent’s cattle population. It had a devastating effect on people’s means of subsistence as well as the economy of the area.
Plantation owners, mine proprietors, and colonial administrations were all able to successfully monopolize the scant cattle resources that were still available to bolster their power and coerce Africans into entering the labor market. Rapidly moving to seize control of Africa’s riches prepared the path for European colonization of the continent.
(e) The decision of MNCs to relocate production to Asian countries.
Answer-
The abbreviation MNC refers to multinational corporations. These huge corporations operate concurrently and make financial investments in several nations. Multinational corporations decided to move production to Asian countries in the late 1970s. The following are the repercussions of this decision:
- It was a catalyst for increased global trade as well as capital flows.
- It brought about a dramatic change in the economic landscape. Creating more options for work, assisted Asian countries in addressing the issue of high unemployment rates.
- People in Asian countries could purchase and use new products since they were manufactured on a huge scale in those countries.
4. Give two examples from history to show the impact of technology on food availability.
Answer-
Numerous examples throughout history illustrate how technological advancements have affected the quantity of food that is available.
- The development of refrigerated ships allowed for the more cost-effective transport of meat and other perishable food items, which resulted in a general decrease in the cost of meat.
- Improvements in transportation, including faster railways, lighter wagons, and larger ships, helped convey food from distant farms to end markets more swiftly and affordably.
5. What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement?
Answer-
Near the close of World War II in 1944, monetary negotiators met in Bretton Woods and agreed. Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, was the site of a conference amongst Allied nations to examine the global economy. The negotiations resulted in an agreement to peg other countries’ currencies to the U.S. dollar and to fix the importance of the U.S. dollar to the value of gold. The accord also led to the formation of the International Monetary Fund. After the United States abandoned the gold standard in 1971, the Bretton Woods System remained in effect.
Each participating currency’s value was fixed relative to the dollar or gold under the Bretton Woods System. Anyone could exchange their foreign cash for dollars, and for anyone to exchange their dollars for gold. The agreement established a dollar worth equal to one-thirtieth of an ounce of gold.
Discuss
6. Imagine that you are an indentured Indian laborer in the Caribbean. Drawing from the details in this chapter, write a letter to your family describing your life and feelings.
Answer-
Dear family,
It’s not easy being an indentured worker in Trinidad (Caribbean). In this letter, I hope to convey my struggles, the contractor’s rude treatment of me, and the depth of my need for you.
When the contractor hired me, he lied about my employment location, transportation options, and working and housing conditions.
We are given very little protection under the law. The contractor’s language on the job site is hostile and insulting. We are a marginalized group on the cocoa plantations of Trinidad, and he treats us like livestock. We aren’t allowed to complain about our working circumstances or even speak up about them.
I get prosecuted and put to jail every time I miss work. Sometimes, I must complete a whole day’s worth of labor on the plantations.
If my performance is deemed unsatisfactory, my pay will be reduced.
I’ve been reduced to a slave’s existence and am in deep distress.
7. Explain the three movements or flows within the international economic exchange. Find one example of each flow type involving India and Indians, and write a short account of it.
Answer-
Trade flows, human capital flows, and capital flows or investments are the three different kinds of movements or flows that take place within the context of international economic exchange. These may constitute three categories: the exchange of agricultural goods, the movement of labor, and the giving and receiving of financial loans across countries.
In the pre-modern period, India was a major trading center. India received precious metals such as gold and silver in exchange for textiles and spices sold to Europe. After Christopher Columbus found the Americas, many various kinds of food, including potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chili peppers, and sweet potatoes, were brought from the Americas to India.
In the nineteenth century, a significant number of people were held in servitude as indentured laborers to work in mines, plantations, and factories located in other countries. The British used this to exert their dominance over their colonies.
In the end, to finance the World War, the United Kingdom accepted large loans from the United States. Because India was an English colony at the time, the consequences of these loan debts were also experienced in India. The government of Great Britain imposed higher taxes and interest rates while simultaneously reducing the prices of the goods it purchased from the colony. This had a significant impact, although an indirect one, on the economy and people of India.
8. Explain the causes of the Great Depression.
Answer-
- Overproduction in the agricultural sector was one of the primary factors that contributed to the Great Depression, which in turn, caused prices to decrease. Due to a reduction in prices and income from agriculture, farmers attempted to increase their production and bring more products to market to retain their overall income. This was done to keep their overall income stable. This worsened the market’s surplus, which drove prices considerably lower than they already were. The lack of buyers led to the spoilage of the farm’s produce.
- The lack of available credit was another factor that contributed to the Great Depression. Around the middle of the 1920s, the United States provided numerous other countries with loans so that those countries could finance their investments. However, the United States stopped providing loans whenever there was a problem. Therefore, countries that were critically dependent on US loans suffered an extreme crisis that disrupted international trade.
- During the period of expansion necessary to meet the growing demand for commodities related to the war, the conditions produced by the conflict were also responsible for the Great Depression. However, once the war was over, there was a significant drop in demand for military and war-related products, which led to an economic crisis.
9. Explain what is referred to as the G-77 countries. In what ways can G-77 be seen as a reaction to the activities of the Bretton Woods twins?
Answer-
For a system that would provide them genuine control over their natural resources without falling prey to neo-colonialism, an innovative kind of colonialism in the trade carried out by the former colonial powers, the G-77 countries demanded a New International Economic Order (NIEO).
The Group of 77 (G77) at the United Nations is an alliance of 134 developing countries to advance the economic interests of its members and strengthen their ability to negotiate as a bloc.
Since the Bretton Woods institutions (the International Monetary Fund, as well as the International Monetary Fund, was established to serve the monetary demands of industry while creating countries while doing little to promote the economic development of former colonies as well as emerging nations, the G-77 can be seen as a reaction to their actions.
Project
Find out more about gold and diamond mining in South Africa in the nineteenth century. Who controlled the gold and diamond companies? Who were the miners, and what were their lives like?
Answer-
Gold and diamond mining in South Africa in the nineteenth century
Before the immense mineral wealth of South Africa was found in the late nineteenth century, it was a popular idea that southern Africa was nearly destitute. This belief was based on the assumption that the rest of the continent possessed the same wealth that had lured Europeans to the region. By then, South Africa had no known gold reserves comparable to those that the Portuguese had been searching for in West Africa in the 15th century. Both the finding of diamonds in 1869 and gold in 1886 brought about dramatic shifts in the economic landscape of South Africa. The amount of money invested in Africa by Europeans reached a level that, by the completion of the nineteenth century, was equal to all of the other Europeans’ investments in Africa combined.
South Africa became more integrated into the global economy due to its exports, most notably diamonds and gold, as well as an increase in domestic demand for a wide range of agricultural goods imported from other countries. The never-ending rise of the mining industry was the driving force behind the economic expansion cycle. As a result of the newly acquired wealth, consumer demand drove increasing levels of commercial activity.
Control over the gold and diamond mines in South Africa
Europeans controlled all the gold and diamond mines in South Africa at the time. Families of African descent worked in such mines as miners.
They were confined inside the mine compound and were not permitted to roam freely there. They were subjected to treatment based on their race. Their wages, revenue, and tax levels did not meet the requirements. Families were often forced to work in mines after being evicted from their land.
The discovery of diamonds in South Africa led to the development of institutionalized forms of labor control, such as the compound and hostel system. Additionally, exploitative relations in the industrial setting took on the same racial shape as those previously existing in rural areas.
Therefore, when Africans went to work in the diamond mines, they were not ‘free’ wage laborers in the sense of laborers who were ‘free’ to sell their ability to work and laborers who were ‘free’ from the land. Their obligations to the community prevented them from exercising their own agency about using their labor. The mines discovered that jail labor was both inexpensive and easy to manage. They quickly came up with the concept of housing their employees in totally self-sufficient closed compounds under the pretext of preventing theft.
Important Topics from the Chapter
- The Pre-Modern World
- The Nineteenth Century (1815-1914)
- The Inter-War Economy
- Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-War Era
FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 3
Q 1. What are the topics which the students can learn from NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 3?
Answer-
The important topics which are covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 3 include:
- The Pre-Modern World
- The Nineteenth Century (1815-1914)
- The Inter-War Economy
- Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-War Era
Q 2. How to use the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 3 for CBSE examinations?
Answer-
The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History for Class 10 History includes the certain idea of globalization and important aspects like migration, people in search of work, and capital movement. NCERT Solutions are important for students to answer the NCERT questions correctly and they are designed in a student-friendly manner and students can easily understand and score well in examinations.
Q 3. What are topics discussed under Inter-War Economy in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 3?
Answer-
The important topics discussed in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 3 are:
- Wartime Transformations
- Post-war recovery
- The Great Depression
- India and the Great Depression
Share your thoughts in the comments
Please Login to comment...