When a bigger network is divided into smaller networks, in order to maintain security, then that is known as Subnetting. so, maintenance is easier for smaller networks.

Now, let’s talk about dividing a network into two parts:
so to divide a network into two parts, you need to choose one bit for each Subnet from the host ID part.

In the above diagram, there are two Subnets.

Note: It is a class C IP so, there are 24 bits in the network id part and 8 bits in the host id part.

• For Subnet-1:
  The first bit which is chosen from the host id part is zero and the range will be from (193.1.2.00000000 till you get all 1’s in the host ID part i.e, 193.1.2.01111111) except for the first bit which is chosen zero for subnet id part.

  Thus, the range of subnet-1:

  193.1.2.0 to 193.1.2.127 

• For Subnet-2:
  The first bit chosen from the host id part is one and the range will be from (193.1.2.100000000 till you get all 1’s in the host ID part i.e, 193.1.2.11111111).

  Thus, the range of subnet-2:

  193.1.2.128 to 193.1.2.255 

Note:

1. To divide a network into four (2²) parts you need to choose two bits from host id part for each subnet i.e, (00, 01, 10, 11).
2. To divide a network into eight (2³) parts you need to choose three bits from host id part for each subnet i.e, (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111) and so on.