Transpose a matrix in Single line in Python

Transpose of a matrix is a task we all can perform very easily in python (Using a nested loop). But there are some interesting ways to do the same in a single line.
In Python, we can implement a matrix as nested list (list inside a list). Each element is treated as a row of the matrix. For example m = [[1, 2], [4, 5], [3, 6]] represents a matrix of 3 rows and 2 columns.
First element of the list – m[0] and element in first row, first column – m[0][0].

1. Using Nested List Comprehension: Nested list comprehension are used to iterate through each element in the matrix. In the given example, we iterate through each element of matrix (m) in column major manner and assign the result to rez matrix which is the transpose of m.

   m = [[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]]
   for row in m :
       print(row)
   rez = [[m[j][i] for j in range(len(m))] for i in range(len(m[0]))]
   print("\n")
   for row in rez:
       print(row)

   Output:

   [1, 2]
   [3, 4]
   [5, 6]
   
   
   [1, 3, 5]
   [2, 4, 6]
   

2. Using zip: Zip returns an iterator of tuples, where the i-th tuple contains the i-th element from each of the argument sequences or iterables. In this example we unzip our array using * and then zip it to get the transpose.

   matrix=[(1,2,3),(4,5,6),(7,8,9),(10,11,12)]
   for row in matrix:
       print(row)
   print("\n")
   t_matrix = zip(*matrix)
   for row in t_matrix:
       print(row)

   Output:

   (1, 2, 3)
   (4, 5, 6)
   (7, 8, 9)
   (10, 11, 12)
   
   (1, 4, 7, 10)
   (2, 5, 8, 11)
   (3, 6, 9, 12)
   

   Note :- If you want your result in the form [[1,4,7,10][2,5,8,11][3,6,9,12]] , you can use t_matrix=map(list, zip(*matrix)).

3. Using numpy: NumPy is a general-purpose array-processing package designed to efficiently manipulate large multi-dimensional arrays. The transpose method returns a transposed view of the passed multi-dimensional matrix.

   # You need to install numpy in order to import it
   # Numpy transpose returns similar result when
   # applied on 1D matrix
   import numpy
   matrix=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]
   print(matrix)
   print("\n")
   print(numpy.transpose(matrix))

   Or, simply using “.T” after the variable

   # You need to install numpy in order to import it
   import numpy as np
   matrix = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
   print(matrix)
   print("\n")
   print(matrix.T)

   Output:

   [[1 2 3]
    [4 5 6]]
   
   [[1 4]
    [2 5]
    [3 6]]
   

   Note :- “.T” only works on numpy arrays

This article is contributed by Mayank Rawat & simply modified by Md. Tahmid Hasan. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using write.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to review-team@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.

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