Front-End Technologies
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Version
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Description
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Applications
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Introduced: 1993
Current: HTML5
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- Hypertext Markup Language
- It is used to design web pages using a markup language. HTML is a combination of Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext defines the link between web pages.
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- Used to structure a web page.
- Forms and Input Elements
- Images and Multimedia (img, audio, video)
- Links and Anchor Tags
- Tables for Structured Data
- Accessibility Features (alt text, ARIA attributes)
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Introduced: 17 December 1996
Current: CSS3
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- Cascading Style Sheet
- CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to styles web pages. Cascading Style Sheets are fondly referred to as CSS. The reason for using this is to simplify the process of making web pages presentable. It allows you to apply styles on web pages.
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- Styling Web Pages
- Responsive Web Design
- Layout Control
- Typography
- Color Management
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Introduced: 4 December, 1995
Current: ECMAScript 2022
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- JavaScript is a lightweight, cross-platform, single-threaded, and interpreted compiled programming language. It is also known as the scripting language for webpages. It is well-known for the development of web pages, and many non-browser environments also use it.
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- Client-Side Web Development
- DOM Manipulation
- Event Handling:
- Asynchronous Programming (Promises, Async/Await)
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Introduced: May 29, 2013
Current: 18.2.0
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- ReactJS is a declarative, efficient, and flexible JavaScript library for building user interfaces. It is an open-source, component-based front-end library that is responsible only for the view layer of the application. ReactJS is not a framework, it is just a library developed by Facebook to solve some problems that we were facing earlier.
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- Single-Page Applications (SPAs)
- Component-Based Development
- Virtual DOM for Efficient Updates
- Declarative Syntax
- React Native for Mobile App Development
- State Management
- Reusable UI Components
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Introduced: October 20, 2010
Current: 17.0.3
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- AngularJS is a Javascript open-source front-end framework that is mainly used to develop single-page web applications(SPAs). It is a continuously growing and expanding framework which provides better ways for developing web applications.
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- Used to build dynamic single-page applications with a modular structure.
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Introduced: February 2014
Current: 3.3.0
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- VueJS is one of the best frameworks for JavaScript like ReactJS. The VueJS is used to design the user interface layer, it is easy to pick up for any developers. It is compatible with other libraries and extensions as well.
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- Reactive Data Binding
- Component-Based Architecture
- Vue Directives
- Vue Router for Navigation
- VueX for State Management
- Computed Properties and Watchers
- Lifecycle Hooks
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Introduced: October 25, 2016.
Current: 14.0.3
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- Next.js is an open-source web development React-based framework created by Vercel, which is famous for its unique features such as Server-side rendering and enhanced SEO. It has some additional features such as data fetching utilities, dynamic API routes, optimized builds, etc.
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- Server-Side Rendering (SSR)
- Static Site Generation (SSG)
- Automatic Code Splitting
- Next.js Pages and Routing
- Data Fetching Methods (getStaticProps, getServerSideProps)
- API Routes
- Next.js Image Optimization
- Custom Document and Head Components
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Introduced: August 2011.
Current: 5.3.2
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- Bootstrap is a widely-used open-source front-end framework for web development, providing a collection of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript components and tools that enable developers to build responsive, mobile-first websites with ease.
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- Responsive Grid System
- Pre-Styled Components
- CSS and JavaScript Components
- Bootstrap Themes and Templates
- Mobile-First Design Approach
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Introduced: 28 November 2006.
Current: 1.54.0
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- Syntactically Awesome Style Sheet.
- Upgrade to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
- Sass is a CSS pre-processor.
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- Variables for Reusable Values
- Nesting for Improved Readability
- Partials for Modular Stylesheets
- Mixins for Reusable Code Blocks
- Inheritance with @extend
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Introduced: 19 February, 2014
Current: 5.89.0
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- Famous module builder that we extensively use during our Web Development Journey.
- Used for those applications that uses Javascript.
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- Used for bundling JavaScript modules, streamlining performance by reducing HTTP requests and efficiently managing dependencies.
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Introduced: May 12, 2017
Current: 3.16.0
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- An open-source user interface development kit.
- Used to develop cross platform applications.
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- Expressive and Consistent UI
- Cross-Platform Development
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Introduced: April 24, 2010
Current: 0.77.1
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- Three.js is an open source JavaScript library that is used to display the graphics, 3D and 2D objects on the web browser. It uses WebGL API behind the scene. Three.js allow you to use your GPU(Graphics Processing Unit) to render the Graphics and 3D objects on a canvas in the web browser.
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- 3D Visualization
- Web-Based Games and Simulations.
- Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR).
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Introduced: 2017
Current: v3.0
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- Tailwind CSS can be used to style websites in the fastest and easiest way.
- Tailwind CSS is basically a utility-first CSS framework for rapidly building custom user interfaces.
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- Responsive Design
- Custom Component Styling
- Quick Styling in Frameworks
- Dynamic UIs with JavaScript Frameworks
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Introduced: 2016
Current: v.0.9.4
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- Bulma is an Open source CSS framework developed by Jeremy Thomas. This framework is based on the CSS Flexbox property.
- It is highly responsive, minimizing the use of media queries for responsive behavior.
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- Responsive Layouts
- Clean and Consistent Typography
- Pre-Styled UI Components
- Flexbox-Based Components
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Introduced: August 26, 2006
Current: 3.7.1
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- jQuery is an open-source JavaScript library that simplifies the interactions between an HTML/CSS document, or more precisely the Document Object Model (DOM), and JavaScript.
- It simplifies HTML document traversing and manipulation, browser event handling, DOM animations, Ajax interactions, and cross-browser JavaScript development.
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- DOM Manipulation
- Event Handling
- AJAX Requests
- Animation and Effects
- DOM Traversal and Filtering
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Introduced: December 2011
Current: 2.13
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Meteor is a full stack JavaScript platform that is used for developing modern web and mobile applications. Meteor has a set of features that are helpful in creating a responsive and reactive web or mobile application using javaScript or different packages available in the framework.
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- Data Synchronization in Real-Time
- Meteor Packages for Extensibility
- Integrated Build System
- Unified Isomorphic Development
- MongoDB Database Integration
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