Traditional Notions: Internal| Class 12 Political Science Notes

Class 12 Political Science Notes Chapter 5 Traditional Notions: Internal discusses that the traditional notion of security is that it is the protection of a state from external threats. This includes threats from other states, such as military invasion or economic sanctions. It also includes threats from non-state actors, such as terrorist organizations or criminal gangs. The traditional notion of security is based on the idea that the state is the primary actor in international relations.

In this article, we will look into the topic ‘Traditional Notions: Internal’ in detail. It is an important topic in Class 12 Political Science. Students can go through this article to get comprehensive notes on the topic Class 12 Political Science Chapter 5 Traditional Notions: Internal.

Traditional Notions: Internal

Security depends on internal peace and order, and a society cannot be secure if there is violence or threat of violence within its borders. Traditional security must also concern itself with internal security, as after the Second World War, it seemed that the most powerful countries on earth were more or less assured. After 1945, the US and the Soviet Union appeared to be united and could expect peace within their borders. Most European countries, particularly powerful Western European countries, faced no serious threats from groups or communities living within those borders, so they focused primarily on threats from outside their borders.

The period after the Second World War was the Cold War, where the US-led Western alliance faced the Soviet-led Communist alliance. The two alliances feared a military attack from each other, and some European powers continued to worry about violence in their colonies, from colonized people who wanted independence. As the colonies became free from the late 1940s onwards, their security concerns were often similar to that of the European powers. The Cold War between the two superpowers was responsible for approximately one-third of all wars in the post-Second World War period, most of which were fought in the Third World.

What are Security Challenges?

Security challenges are actions or events that put at risk the material or identity basis upon which individuals, societies, states and perhaps even the planet have come to expect or rely. Security challenges can be classified into two broad categories: traditional security challenges and non-traditional security challenges. Traditional security challenges include threats to national security, such as war, terrorism, and espionage. Non-traditional security challenges include threats to human security, such as poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation.

In recent years, the world has witnessed a growing number of security challenges. The rise of globalization has led to increased interconnectedness, which has made it easier for threats to spread across borders. The emergence of new technologies has also created new vulnerabilities. For example, the rise of the internet has made it easier for criminals to commit cybercrime.

Security challenges are a complex and ever-evolving issue. There is no easy solution to these challenges. However, by working together, we can build a more secure world for all.

Security Challenges in Independent Countries

The newly independent countries of Asia and Africa faced significant security challenges, including military conflict with neighboring countries and internal military conflicts. These countries were more afraid of their neighbors than the US, Soviet Union, or former colonial powers, and often quarrelled over borders, territories, and population control. Internally, they were concerned about threats from separatist movements aiming to form independent countries. Internal wars now make up over 95% of all armed conflicts worldwide, with a twelve-fold rise in civil wars between 1946 and 1991. These challenges posed a significant threat to the security of these newly independent nations.

Conclusion – Class 12 Political Science Notes Chapter 5 Traditional Notions: Internal

In conclusion, traditional Notions of Internal Security, discusses the importance of internal security for the overall security of a country. It states that after World War II, powerful countries focused primarily on external threats, assuming that internal security was assured. However, the chapter argues that internal security is just as important as external security, and that governments must take steps to ensure the safety and security of their citizens. The chapter also discusses the various threats to internal security, such as terrorism, crime, and civil unrest. It argues that these threats can be just as dangerous as external threats, and that they can have a devastating impact on a country’s stability and prosperity.

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Traditional Notions: Internal- FAQs

What does Chapter 5 of Class 12 Political Science focus on?

The chapter explores traditional notions of security, particularly internal threats to states.

What are traditional internal security threats?

Internal security threats include insurgency, separatism, terrorism, and communal violence.

How do states traditionally address internal security threats?

States use law enforcement agencies, intelligence gathering, and counterinsurgency operations to address internal security threats.

What role does governance play in internal security?

Effective governance, rule of law, and social cohesion are essential for addressing internal security challenges.

How do internal and external security threats differ?

Internal security threats originate within a state’s borders, while external threats come from outside sources, such as neighboring states or non-state actors.

Why is addressing internal security important for states?

Addressing internal security threats is crucial for maintaining stability, social harmony, and the rule of law within a state.

How do traditional notions of internal security complement external security?

Internal security measures often complement external defense strategies, as stability within a state strengthens its ability to defend against external threats.