Tensions and Conflicts| Class 12 Political Science Notes

In this article, we will delve deep into the topic of “Tensions and Conflicts” from Chapter 1 of the NCERT Class 12 Political Science book. These notes are specially curated by an expert team at GeeksforGeeks for all the students.

Tensions and Conflicts

• Many countries that used to be part of the Soviet Union have had lots of fighting, like civil wars and rebellions. It’s made worse because other countries get involved too.
• In Russia, two places called Chechnya and Dagestan tried to break away violently. The Russian government fought back, but they hurt a lot of innocent people and didn’t stop the rebels.
• In Central Asia, Tajikistan had a big fight for ten years until 2001. There are also many fights between different groups in that area. In a place called Nagorno-Karabakh, some people want to leave and join Armenia. In Georgia, two parts of the country wanted to be independent, which led to a civil war. In countries like Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, and Georgia, some people are unhappy with their leaders and are protesting.
• There are also fights over things like water between countries and regions. All this fighting makes life really hard for regular people.
• Central Asia has lots of oil and gas, which helps their economy. But other countries and big companies want a piece of it too. It’s a battleground for countries like Russia, China, and the US. After the 9/11 attacks, the US wanted to set up military bases there and paid these countries to let them. But Russia and China see these places as theirs and want to control them.
• In Eastern Europe, Czechoslovakia split into two countries without a fight. But Yugoslavia had a brutal breakup. After 1991, it broke into pieces, with places like Croatia and Bosnia becoming independent. But ethnic Serbs didn’t like this and attacked non-Serb people. NATO stepped in and bombed Yugoslavia to stop the fighting.

Now You Know!

What is the difference between nationalism and secessionism? 
If you succeed, you are celebrated as a nationalist hero, and if you fail you are condemned for crimes of secessionism.  

Tensions and Conflicts: Short Notes

• In many places that used to be part of the Soviet Union, there were fights and disagreements, leading to civil wars and uprisings.
• In Russia, two areas called Chechnya and Dagestan tried to break away with violence.
• Tajikistan had a civil war that lasted almost 10 years until 2001, and there were lots of fights between different groups in the region.
• Central Asia became a place where big countries and oil companies competed for power and resources.
• Czechoslovakia split into two separate countries peacefully, with the Czech Republic and Slovakia becoming independent.
• Yugoslavia also broke up, with places like Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina declaring themselves independent.

Conclusion

The breakup of the Soviet Union left a legacy of instability and conflict in many of its former republics. From violent secessionist movements in Russia to civil wars in Tajikistan, the region has been marked by turmoil. The division of Czechoslovakia and the dissolution of Yugoslavia further underscore the challenges of post-Soviet transition. Despite efforts at independence and self-determination, the road to stability and peace remains elusive for many of these nations.

Tensions and Conflicts- FAQs

What was the Soviet Union Class 12 notes?

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic came into being after the socialist revolution in Russia in 1917. The revolution was inspired by the ideals of socialism as opposed to capitalism and the need for an egalitarian society and classless society.

What is the USSR Class 12?

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) came into being after the Socialist Revolution in Russia in 1917. The revolution was inspired by the ideals of socialism and the need for an egalitarian society as opposed to capitalism.

What two countries did Czechoslovakia split into after independence?

Czechoslovakia split into two separate countries peacefully, with the Czech Republic and Slovakia becoming independent.

What was the middle east crisis class 12?

A massive collision forces 6,60000 troops from 34 countries fought against Iraq and defeated it and what came to be known as first gulf war . The UN operation ,which was called Operation Desert Storm was overwhelmingly an American military operation.

What was cold war Class 12?

The Cold War referred to the competition, the tensions and a series of confrontations between the United States and Soviet Union, backed by their respective allies. Fortunately, however, it never escalated into a ‘hot war’, that is, a full-scale war between these two powers.