Program to calculate angle between two N-Dimensional vectors

Given an array arr[] consisting of magnitudes of two N-Dimensional vectors A and B, the task is to find the angle between the two vectors.

Examples:

Input: arr[] = {-0.5, -2, 1}, brr[] = {-1, -1, -0.3} 
Output: 0.845289
Explanation:
Placing the values in the formula , the required result is obtained.

Input: arr[] = {1, -2, 3}, brr[] = {2, 3, -1} 
Output: -0.5

Approach: The idea is based on the mathematical formula of finding the dot product of two vectors and dividing it by the product of the magnitude of vectors A, B.

Formula:

Considering the two vectors to be separated by angle θ. the dot product of the two vectors is given by the equation:

Therefore, 

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program for the above approach

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to find the magnitude
// of the given vector
double magnitude(double arr[], int N)
{
    // Stores the final magnitude
    double magnitude = 0;

    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        magnitude += arr[i] * arr[i];

    // Return square root of magnitude
    return sqrt(magnitude);
}

// Function to find the dot
// product of two vectors
double dotProduct(double arr[],
                  double brr[], int N)
{
    // Stores dot product
    double product = 0;

    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        product = product + arr[i] * brr[i];

    // Return the product
    return product;
}

void angleBetweenVectors(double arr[],
                         double brr[], int N)
{
    // Stores dot product of two vectors
    double dotProductOfVectors
        = dotProduct(arr, brr, N);

    // Stores magnitude of vector A
    double magnitudeOfA
        = magnitude(arr, N);

    // Stores magnitude of vector B
    double magnitudeOfB
        = magnitude(brr, N);

    // Stores angle between given vectors
    double angle = dotProductOfVectors
                   / (magnitudeOfA * magnitudeOfB);

    // Print the angle
    cout << angle;
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Given magnitude arrays
    double arr[] = { -0.5, -2, 1 };
    double brr[] = { -1, -1, 0.3 };

    // Size of the array
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

    // Function call to find the
    // angle between two vectors
    angleBetweenVectors(arr, brr, N);

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for the above approach
class GFG{

// Function to find the magnitude
// of the given vector
static double magnitude(double arr[], int N)
{

    // Stores the final magnitude
    double magnitude = 0;

    // Traverse the array
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        magnitude += arr[i] * arr[i];

    // Return square root of magnitude
    return Math.sqrt(magnitude);
}

// Function to find the dot
// product of two vectors
static double dotProduct(double[] arr,
                         double[] brr, int N)
{

    // Stores dot product
    double product = 0;

    // Traverse the array
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        product = product + arr[i] * brr[i];

    // Return the product
    return product;
}

static void angleBetweenVectors(double[] arr,
                                double[] brr, int N)
{

    // Stores dot product of two vectors
    double dotProductOfVectors = dotProduct(arr, brr, N);

    // Stores magnitude of vector A
    double magnitudeOfA = magnitude(arr, N);

    // Stores magnitude of vector B
    double magnitudeOfB = magnitude(brr, N);

    // Stores angle between given vectors
    double angle = dotProductOfVectors /
                   (magnitudeOfA * magnitudeOfB);

    // Print the angle
    System.out.println(angle);
}

// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{

    // Given magnitude arrays
    double[] arr = { -0.5, -2, 1 };
    double[] brr = { -1, -1, 0.3 };

    // Size of the array
    int N = arr.length;

    // Function call to find the
    // angle between two vectors
    angleBetweenVectors(arr, brr, N);
}
}

// This code is contributed by user_qa7r

Python3

# Python3 program for the above approach
import math

# Function to find the magnitude
# of the given vector
def magnitude(arr, N):

    # Stores the final magnitude
    magnitude = 0

    # Traverse the array
    for i in range(N):
        magnitude += arr[i] * arr[i]

    # Return square root of magnitude
    return math.sqrt(magnitude)

# Function to find the dot
# product of two vectors


def dotProduct(arr, brr, N):

    # Stores dot product
    product = 0

    # Traverse the array
    for i in range(N):
        product = product + arr[i] * brr[i]

    # Return the product
    return product


def angleBetweenVectors(arr, brr, N):

    # Stores dot product of two vectors
    dotProductOfVectors = dotProduct(arr, brr, N)

    # Stores magnitude of vector A
    magnitudeOfA = magnitude(arr, N)

    # Stores magnitude of vector B
    magnitudeOfB = magnitude(brr, N)

    # Stores angle between given vectors
    angle = (dotProductOfVectors
             / (magnitudeOfA * magnitudeOfB))

    # Print the angle
    print('%.5f'%angle)

# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":

    # Given magnitude arrays
    arr = [-0.5, -2, 1]
    brr = [-1, -1, 0.3]

    # Size of the array
    N = len(arr)

    # Function call to find the
    # angle between two vectors
    angleBetweenVectors(arr, brr, N)

    # This code is contributed by ukasp.

C#

// C# program for the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class GFG{

// Function to find the magnitude
// of the given vector
static double magnitude(double []arr, int N)
{

    // Stores the final magnitude
    double magnitude = 0;

    // Traverse the array
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        magnitude += arr[i] * arr[i];

    // Return square root of magnitude
    return Math.Sqrt(magnitude);
}

// Function to find the dot
// product of two vectors
static double dotProduct(double []arr,
                         double []brr, int N)
{

    // Stores dot product
    double product = 0;

    // Traverse the array
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        product = product + arr[i] * brr[i];

    // Return the product
    return product;
}

static void angleBetweenVectors(double []arr,
                                double []brr, int N)
{

    // Stores dot product of two vectors
    double dotProductOfVectors = dotProduct(arr, brr, N);

    // Stores magnitude of vector A
    double magnitudeOfA = magnitude(arr, N);

    // Stores magnitude of vector B
    double magnitudeOfB = magnitude(brr, N);

    // Stores angle between given vectors
    double angle = dotProductOfVectors /
     (magnitudeOfA * magnitudeOfB);

    // Print the angle
    Console.Write(angle);
}

// Driver Code
public static void Main()
{

    // Given magnitude arrays
    double []arr = { -0.5, -2, 1 };
    double []brr = { -1, -1, 0.3 };

    // Size of the array
    int N = arr.Length;

    // Function call to find the
    // angle between two vectors
    angleBetweenVectors(arr, brr, N);
}
}

// This code is contributed by bgangwar59

Javascript

<script>

// Javascript program for the above approach

// Function to find the magnitude
// of the given vector
function magnitude(arr, N)
{
    // Stores the final magnitude
    var magnitude = 0;

    // Traverse the array
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++)
        magnitude += arr[i] * arr[i];

    // Return square root of magnitude
    return Math.sqrt(magnitude);
}

// Function to find the dot
// product of two vectors
function dotProduct(arr, brr,N)
{
    // Stores dot product
    var product = 0;

    // Traverse the array
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++)
        product = product + arr[i] * brr[i];

    // Return the product
    return product;
}

function angleBetweenVectors(arr, brr, N)
{
    // Stores dot product of two vectors
    var dotProductOfVectors
        = dotProduct(arr, brr, N);

    // Stores magnitude of vector A
    var magnitudeOfA
        = magnitude(arr, N);

    // Stores magnitude of vector B
    var magnitudeOfB
        = magnitude(brr, N);

    // Stores angle between given vectors
    var angle = dotProductOfVectors
                   / (magnitudeOfA * magnitudeOfB);

    // Print the angle
    document.write( angle.toFixed(6));
}

// Driver Code
// Given magnitude arrays
var arr = [ -0.5, -2, 1 ];
var brr = [ -1, -1, 0.3 ];
// Size of the array
var N = arr.length;
// Function call to find the
// angle between two vectors
angleBetweenVectors(arr, brr, N);

</script>

Output:

0.845289

Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)