Peace and Cooperation| Class 12 Political Science Notes

Class 12 Political Science Notes Chapter 3: Achieving success in CBSE exams requires a clear understanding of Political Science concepts. Thus, Class 12 students must obtain well-structured Political Science Class 12 Notes from experienced teachers. These notes are designed to help students understand the fundamental concepts of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and build a strong foundation for their future studies.

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Peace and Cooperation

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) stands as a significant initiative by South Asian states to foster cooperation through multilateral means, originating in 1985. Despite its inception, SAARC has faced challenges due to ongoing political differences among member states. Nevertheless, SAARC members signed the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) to establish a free trade zone across South Asia.

SAFTA, initiated in 2004 and effective from January 1, 2006, aims to reduce trade tariffs. However, concerns linger among some neighboring countries that SAFTA could be exploited by India to dominate their markets and influence their societies and politics through commercial ventures. Conversely, India views SAFTA as a means for mutual economic benefits and improved regional cooperation on political issues, although some argue that existing bilateral agreements render SAFTA redundant.

Despite enduring conflicts, efforts have been made to manage tensions and foster peace between India and Pakistan. Confidence-building measures, social initiatives, leadership summits, and increased people-to-people contact through expanded bus routes and eased visa restrictions demonstrate progress in bilateral relations.

External powers significantly influence South Asian politics, with China and the United States playing pivotal roles. Sino-Indian relations have improved, yet China’s strategic partnership with Pakistan remains a concern. Meanwhile, US involvement in the region post-Cold War has grown, particularly in moderating India-Pakistan relations and leveraging economic ties through liberalization policies.

The future trajectory of South Asia, whether it continues as a conflict-prone region or evolves into a bloc with common cultural and trade interests, hinges largely on regional governments and people rather than external powers.

Peace and Cooperation- FAQs

What is the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)?

SAARC is a regional initiative established by South Asian states in 1985 to promote cooperation through multilateral means.

What is the objective of the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA)?

SAFTA aims to create a free trade zone across South Asia by reducing trade tariffs among member states.

How has SAARC been affected by political differences among member states?

Persistent political differences among member states have hindered the effectiveness of SAARC in achieving its objectives.

What efforts have been made to foster peace and cooperation between India and Pakistan?

Efforts such as confidence-building measures, leadership summits, and increased people-to-people contact have been undertaken to manage tensions and promote peace between India and Pakistan.

How do external powers influence South Asian politics?

External powers like China and the United States play significant roles in South Asian politics, affecting regional dynamics and relationships between countries.

What is the role of the United States in South Asia post-Cold War?

Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has increasingly engaged in South Asian affairs, acting as a mediator in India-Pakistan relations and leveraging economic ties in the region.