Getting Started with Cross-Platform Mobile Application using Flutter

Flutter is an open-source mobile application development SDK created by Google to develop cross-platform mobile applications. Flutter makes it extremely easy and fast for even novice programmers to build high-quality and responsive native mobile apps. No prior app development experience required!

This article will show you how to build a simple Hello Flutter application and then run it on your own Android device!

Why use Flutter over native Java development?

Flutter has some unique features compared to native Java and other SDK’s such as:

Fast Development: Flutter makes use of customizable Widgets that can be nested together to create the app interface, similar to how HTML is structured. You can refer this for details: Flutter for Web Devs.
Hot Reload: Instantly see changes made in code, without recompiling.
It’s Native in the end: Under the hood, the codebase is compiled into Java, ensuring same performance to that offered by native apps.
Light on system resources: Flutter can be comfortably run on a lower resources system.

Setting Up Flutter

Step 1: Set up the Flutter SDK
1. Download the latest SDK here: Flutter SDK Archive
2. Extract the zip file and place the contained ‘flutter‘ folder in the desired directory.
  Here it is extracted the folder to the C:\ drive
  
  Note: It is recommended to not install Flutter in a directory which may require admin privileges, like ‘C:\Program Files\’
Step 2: Add Flutter to PATH: Though not required, it is recommended to set the PATH variable to make Flutter easily accessible from anywhere on the system.
1. Go to Edit environment variables for your account in Control Panel. You can search for this setting in your search bar.
2. Under User variables check if there is an entry called PATH:
  - If it exists, add a new path to ‘flutter\bin’.
  - If the entry does not exist, create a new entry named Path, and then add the full location to ‘flutter\bin’ (see example image)
3. Reboot Windows after setting the PATH variable for it to work.
What the Path settings would look like after including the flutter\bin directory

The default Counter App we just ran

Step 3: Set up Android Studio: Android Studio automatically downloads the development tools required for Flutter to work with Android.
1. Download Android Studio here: Android Studio
2. Start Android Studio and follow the SDK Manager wizard to download all the required build tools.
The Android Studio SDK Manager
Step 4: Set up Visual Studio Code: Visual Studio Code (or VS Code) is a light code editor that can be used in Flutter development. In this article, VS is used instead of Android Studio as it is lighter and has the minimal required features.
1. Download and install VS Code: VS Code Download.
2. To help in development, two VS Code extensions are recommended.
  Install the Flutter and Dart plugins from VS Code’s Extension Tab. You can refer: Setting Up VS Code Extensions for Flutter
  
  The VS Code Extensions to be installed
3. Install Git Bash: Optional, but a recommended command prompt. Git Bash provides many common unix commands that are useful for some quick tasks.
  Download Git Bash for Windows here: Git Downloads
4. Run Flutter Doctor: Flutter doctor is an inbuilt tool by flutter that can be used to check the status of the Flutter installation. After setting up the PATH variable, you can open up the Command Prompt and execute:
```
flutter doctor
```
  This will check everything required for Flutter to run and give a detailed report of any error it encounters.
  
  Upon successful setup, flutter doctor would show no errors

Creating an empty template project

Navigate to the place where you want your project to be created. Open a command prompt (you can also use the context ‘Git Bash here’ by right clicking, to open Git Bash in this location) and type in the command for creating a new project:
```
 flutter create project_name 
```
For example: for a project named ‘helloflutter’, executing
```
flutter create helloflutter
```
will create a new Flutter project with name helloflutter

The new project named helloflutter is created
Open this folder in VS Code. You can right-click and use the context menu to open directly into VS Code, or start VS Code first and then open this folder as a project.

Context menu to open folder in VS Code
The large panel on the left that displays all the files and folders is known as the Explorer Panel. Navigate to ‘lib’ folder and select the ‘main.dart’ file. This file is the entry point from where the app starts its execution.
Locating the main.dart file in the lib folder

The code that opens up is that of the template application. Try running this simple app right away!

Saying Hello Flutter!

Delete the the MyHomePage Widget.
Delete the MyHomePage Widget
Create a new Stateless Widget and name it HelloFlutter.
Stateless Widgets are used to define Widgets which don’t have to deal with changes to its internal state. They are mostly used to build components which once drawn, are not required to update.
class HelloFlutter extends StatelessWidget {

  @override

  Widget build(BuildContext context) {

    return Container(



    );

  }

}
Added the new Stateless Widget HelloFlutter
Replace the Container widget with a Scaffold widget:
A Scaffold implements basic material design visual layout structure. This Widget provides APIs for showing drawers, appbars and the body of the app. The body property of the Scaffold will be used here to display the contents of the app.
class HelloFlutter extends StatelessWidget {

  @override

  Widget build(BuildContext context) {

    return Scaffold(



    );

  }

}

Declare a Container Widget in the body of the Scaffold.

A Container Widget is a useful widget which combines common painting, positioning, and sizing widgets. You can wrap any widget with a Container and control the above mentioned properties.

class HelloFlutter extends StatelessWidget { 
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) { 
    return Scaffold( 
      body: Container( 
  
      ), 
    ); 
  } 
} 

The Container widget has an alignment property which will help to position the Widget to the center of the screen. Set the alignment with the Alignment class:

 alignment: Alignment.center

In the child property of the Container Widget, declare a Text Widget:

The Text Widget deals with displaying and handling text. After creating the Text Widget, put in ‘Hello Flutter’ between the parentheses in single quotes. Whatever is put in between the single quotes is displayed by the Text Widget.

class HelloFlutter extends StatelessWidget { 
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) { 
    return Scaffold( 
      body: Container( 
        alignment: Alignment.center, 
        child: Text('Hello Flutter!'), 
      ), 
    ); 
  } 
} 

Finally, in the home property of the main MyApp class above, change it from MyHomePage(…) to HelloFlutter(). This allows the main MyApp class to refer to the HelloFlutter just created.
Changing the home property to call the Widget we made
Now run the app using the ‘flutter run‘ command.
Running the App

A text ‘Hello Flutter!’ will appear written in the middle of the screen.

Complete Code:

Running the HelloFlutter App

Connect a physical device to the PC and enable Developer Mode. If the device is successfully recognised by the PC, the device name would appear in the lower-right corner of VS Code.
The device name will be shown here

If you would like to setup an emulator instead, see: Set up the Android emulator. The emulated device would also show up here similarly.
Open the integrated terminal by pressing the key combination [CTRL + `] (Control key + backtick).
Run the command:
```
flutter run
```
Wait for a few minutes. As this is first run, some downloads and installation take place in the background related to gradle. Subsequent compilations would be a lot faster.

Executing ‘flutter run’ and compilation of the default app
After compilation, the app will get installed and run on the connected device or emulator automatically.

Running the App
Stop the app by pressing ‘d’ in the terminal. This is what compilation and running of any app will be like.

Reference: Complete code

My Personal Notes

Why use Flutter over native Java development?

Setting Up Flutter

Creating an empty template project

Saying Hello Flutter!

Running the HelloFlutter App

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