Explain StaticRouter in React Router

React Router is a powerful library for handling routing in React applications, allowing developers to create dynamic single-page applications (SPAs) with ease. While the BrowserRouter is commonly used for client-side routing in web applications, there are scenarios where server-side rendering (SSR) or static site generation (SSG) is preferred. This is where the StaticRouter comes into play. In this article, we’ll explore what the StaticRouter is, how it works, and when you might want to use it in your React applications.

Prerequisites:

• ReactJS
• React Router

What is StaticRouter?

The StaticRouter is a component provided by React Router designed specifically for server-side rendering (SSR) or static site generation (SSG) scenarios. Unlike BrowserRouter, which is optimized for client-side rendering in the browser environment, StaticRouter is intended for use on the server side or in environments where client-side JavaScript execution is limited or non-existent.

How does it work?

Server-side rendering (SSR):

When rendering a React application on the server side, the StaticRouter is used to match the incoming HTTP request URL to the appropriate route and render the corresponding component. This allows the server to generate the initial HTML content dynamically based on the requested URL, which is then sent to the client as part of the server response.

Static site generation (SSG):

In scenarios where you want to pre-render your React application into static HTML files at build time, the StaticRouter can be used in conjunction with tools like webpack and static site generators such as Gatsby or Next.js. During the build process, the StaticRouter is used to generate static HTML files for each route in your application, which can then be served statically without the need for server-side rendering at runtime.

When to use StaticRouter?

• Server-side rendering (SSR): When you need to render React components on the server side to improve performance, enable SEO, or support non-JavaScript clients.
• Static site generation (SSG): When you want to pre-render your React application into static HTML files at build time for improved performance, better SEO, and simpler deployment.
• Limited client-side JavaScript execution: In environments where client-side JavaScript execution is limited or non-existent, such as certain web crawlers, bots, or legacy browsers, StaticRouter can ensure that your application remains functional and accessible.

Key Props of StaticRouter

basename: string

Sets the base URL for all locations, useful for nested route configurations.

<StaticRouter basename="/calendar">

location: string

Specifies the URL location for rendering. In SSR, this often corresponds to the incoming request URL

<StaticRouter location={req.url}>

context: object

A plain JavaScript object used to capture render context during SSR.

<StaticRouter location={req.url} context={context}>

Steps to Create the Application

Step 1: Create a reactJS application by using this command

npx create-react-app myapp

Step 2: Navigate to project directory

cd myapp

Step 3: Install the necessary packages/libraries in your project using the following commands.

npm install react-router-dom

Project Structure:

Project Structure

The updated dependencies in package.json file will look like:

  "dependencies": {
    "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.17.0",
    "@testing-library/react": "^13.4.0",
    "@testing-library/user-event": "^13.5.0",
    "react": "^18.2.0",
    "react-dom": "^18.2.0",
    "react-router-dom": "^6.22.3",
    "react-scripts": "5.0.1",
    "web-vitals": "^2.1.4"
  },

Example: Implementation to show the use of staticRouter with an example.

JavaScript

// src/App.js

import React from 'react';
import { StaticRouter, Route, Link } from 'react-router-dom';

const Home = () => (
    <div>
        <h2>Welcome to the Home Page</h2>
        <Link to="/about">About</Link>
    </div>
);

const About = () => (
    <div>
        <h2>About Us</h2>
        <p>This is the about page.</p>
        <Link to="/">Home</Link>
    </div>
);

const App = () => (
    <StaticRouter location="/home" context={{}}>
        <div>
            <Route exact path="/home" component={Home} />
            <Route path="/about" component={About} />
        </div>
    </StaticRouter>
);

export default App;

JavaScript

// src/index.js
import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import App from './App';

ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById('root'));

Step to Run Application: Run the application using the following command from the root directory of the project

npm start

Output: Your project will be shown in the URL http://localhost:3000/

output

Conclusion

The StaticRouter in React Router is a valuable tool for server-side rendering (SSR) and static site generation (SSG) scenarios, allowing you to render React applications on the server side or pre-render them into static HTML files at build time. By understanding how and when to use the StaticRouter, you can create React applications that are optimized for performance, accessibility, and SEO in a variety of environments.