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BCD Adder in Digital Logic

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BCD stands for binary coded decimal. It is used to perform the addition of BCD numbers. A BCD digit can have any of ten possible four-bit representations. Suppose, we have two 4-bit numbers A and B. The value of A and B can vary from 0(0000 in binary) to 9(1001 in binary) because we are considering decimal numbers. 

The output will vary from 0 to 18 if we are not considering the carry from the previous sum. But if we are considering the carry, then the maximum value of output will be 19 (i.e. 9+9+1 = 19). When we are simply adding A and B, then we get the binary sum. Here, to get the output in BCD form, we will use BCD Adder.

Example 1:

Input :
A = 0111  B = 1000 
Output :
Y = 1 0101

Explanation: We are adding A(=7) and B(=8). 
The value of binary sum will be 1111(=15). 
But, the BCD sum will be 1 0101, 
where 1 is 0001 in binary and 5 is 0101 in binary.

Example 2:

Input :
A = 0101  B = 1001
Output :
Y = 1 0100

Explanation: We are adding A(=5) and B(=9). 
The value of binary sum will be 1110(=14). 
But, the BCD sum will be 1 0100, 
where 1 is 0001 in binary and 4 is 0100 in binary.

Note: If the sum of two numbers is less than or equal to 9, then the value of BCD sum and binary sum will be same otherwise they will differ by 6(0110 in binary). Now, lets move to the table and find out the logic when we are going to add “0110”. 

 We are adding “0110” (=6) only to the second half of the table. The conditions are:

  1. If C’ = 1 (Satisfies 16-19)
  2. If S3′.S2′ = 1 (Satisfies 12-15)
  3. If S3′.S1′ = 1 (Satisfies 10 and 11)

So, our logic is

C' + S3'.S2' + S3'.S1' = 1

Implementation :  Read related articles: BCD to 7 Segment Decoder, BCD(8421) to/from Excess-3

Last Updated : 17 Jun, 2022
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