Declaration of Emergency| Class 12 Political Science Notes

Declaration of Emergency is a subpart of the Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 which is known as the crisis of the democratic order. Declaration of Emergency talks about how Indira Gandhi declared the emergency, why she took this political stunt, what were the crisis and responses and the Consequences.

In this article, we are going to discuss the Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 subpart of the Declaration of Emergency in detail.

Declaration of Emergency

On 12th June 1975, the Allahabad High Court declared that Indira Gandhi’s Lok Sabha contest was invalid. A socialist leader Raj Narain filed a petition about it and contested against her. Justice Jagmohan Lal Sinha gave the judgment in favor of Raj Narain. The petition was filed because Raj Narain said Indira Gandhi misused government resources and violated all types of electoral laws.

In its judgment, the high court clearly said that Indira Gandhi could not be the Prime Minister anymore and she could not be re-elected for the next six months as an MP. On 24th June, the Supreme Court of India granted a partial stay order on the High Court’s judgment.

Crisis and Response

After the Supreme Court’s stay order, the opposition leaders started their protests. Jayprakash Narayan demanded Indira Gandhi’s resignation. He called for a nationwide satyagraha. He asked to the government employees not to obey the orders of the government. Due to this problem, on the same day Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency under Article 352 due to the internal disturbances. This is how the government justified the emergency at that time.

Declaration of Emergency Consequences

Here are the major consequences of the Declaration of Emergency as mentioned below.

• Indira Gandhi smartly suppressed the protests and movements by imposing bans and arrests which created an atmosphere of tension and quiet.
• So many opposition leaders were barred and freedom of the press was curtailed by imposing censorship.
• At this time, it became mandatory to get approval for the published content.
• So many organizations like RSS and Jamat-e-Islami were banned as they continuously criticized the government.
• The emergency limited the fundamental rights of the citizens like the right to move.
• The government extensively used the preventive detention policy.
• Under the Preventive Detention Act, so many people were detained and denied the habeas corpus petitions.

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FAQs on Class 12 Political Science Chapter Chapter 6 Declaration of Emergency

Why was emergency declared class 12?

Emergency was proclaimed in response to petition filed by Raj Narain to declare Indira Gandhi’s election invalid. On June 25, 1975, the government declared the threat of internal disturbances to invoke Article 352 of constitution.

Why was emergency declared in 1975?

The third proclamation between 25 June 1975 to January 1977 was under controversial circumstances of political instability under Indira Gandhi’s premiership, when emergency was declared on the basis of “internal disturbances”.

What happened during emergency class 12 notes?

Under the provisions of Emergency, the various Fundamental Rights of citizens stood suspended, including the right of citizens to move the Court for restoring their Fundamental Rights. The government made extensive use of preventive detention.

Why is emergency declared?

The final decision to impose an emergency was proposed by Indira Gandhi, agreed upon by the President of India, and ratified by the Cabinet and the Parliament from July to August 1975. It was based on the rationale that there were imminent internal and external threats to the Indian state.

What are the 3 types of emergencies?

Three types of emergencies are addressed in the Constitution of India: Nation Emergency, State Emergency, and Financial Emergency. Article 352 of Part XVIII of the Constitution includes the national emergencies, Article 356 enlists the state emergencies, and Article 360 incorporates the financial emergencies.

What were the consequences of the emergency of 1975 in India?

Some Major Consequences of an Emergency are. During this period, the government has the authority to arrest people who seem to be threats to the country. For example, nearly one lakh eleven thousand people were detained and arrested during the period of 1975-1977 under the preventive detention laws.