Context of the 1990s| Class 12 Political Science Notes

Context of the 1990s is a subpart of the Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 which is titled The Recent Developments In Indian Politics. The subpart describes the major political issues and problems that took place in the year 1990. In this particular era, the country experienced the spread of capitalism and the third way of politics.

In this article, we are going to discuss the Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 subpart the Context of the 1990s in detail.

Context of the 1990s

Context of the 1990s experienced two different types of polarizing trends in National Politics. Indian politics started to work on social justice based on the caste system which mainly followed the report and recommendation of the Mandal Commission. On the other hand, Indian politicians started to work towards Hindu nationalism. Here are the briefs of those major events as mentioned below.

• The Morarji Desai Government formed the Mandal Commission to survey the condition of the OBCs. The report and recommendations raise the Mandal issue at this time.
• A New Economic Policy was introduced that was followed by the various governments in the next years.
• The assassination of Mr. Rajiv Gandhi took place in May 1991 and created political instability in the whole country.
• The Era of the multi-party-based system or the Era Of coalition was started at this time.

Mandal Commission And The Issues

Mandal Commission was the SEBC commission that was established in 1979 to inspect the conditions and issues of the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in India. The major objective of this commission was to define the criteria for the educationally and socially backward classes and develop the process of reservation to give advanced facilities to the Other Backward Classes (OBCs). The recommendations of the commission created a haphazard situation the India as mentioned below:

• There were so many protests that took place in the north and south India which took the form of violence later.
• So many students died in these protests and people made allegations that it was unfair to give someone more privileges on the basis of caste.

The Assassination of Mr. Rajiv Gandhi

The former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi’s assassination took place on 21st May 1991. He died in a suicide bombing in Tamil Nadu. This incident created a violent response all over India.

• There were so many riots happened which were set by the fundamentalist Hindus against the Muslims.
• It created political instability in the whole of India and the Tamil Nadu state election.
• The incident created many problems in Congress and so many classified reports were leaked.
• The LTTE leaders got access to so many confidential reports and codded texts.

Era Of Coalition

The Era Of Coalition was a situation in 1990 when the political parties came forward together to handle the central power in the form of a coalition. The agenda was very simple and clear for them, to take the leading role in the coalition. There were so many aspects of the Era Of Coalition as mentioned below.

• The Era Of Coalition was started in 1989 which was started after the election.
• Almost 11 Coalition governments took charge in the Era Of Coalition to till now.
• At this time, political parties came to together by compromising their ideology to take the lead charge of the central power.
• Opponents also done the same the same thing to portray themselves as the leading opposition in front of the people.

The New Economic Policy (NEP)

The New Economic Policy (NEP) was a major economic reform of 1991 that was implemented by former Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh. It was a socialist policy that was placed for globalization, inflation reduction and to stabilize the economy.

Conclusion – Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 Context of the 1990s

Context of the 1990s experienced two different types of polarizing trends in National Politics. Indian politics started to work on social justice based on the caste system. Context of the 1990s is a subpart of the Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 which is titled The Recent Developments In Indian Politics. In this article, we have learned about the major political issues and problems that took place in the year 1990 in details.

Context of the 1990s- FAQs

What are the context of 1990s Class 12?

Context of the 1990s were: The defeat of the Congress party in the elections held in 1989. Rise of the ‘Mandal Issue’ in national politics. The economic policy (also known as new economic policy) followed by various governments.

What happened in 1990 in India economy?

While growth accelerated in the electricity sector from 9.5 per cent in 1988-89 to 10.8 per cent in 1989-90, the rate of growth of manufacturing declined marginally from 8.7 per cent to 8.6 per cent and that of mining and quarrying declined from 7.9 per cent to 6.3 per cent.

What happened in 1990’s in India?

Two polarising trends emerged in national politics – that of the politics of social justice based on caste which followed the implementation of Mandal commission report, and of the politics of religion based on Hindu nationalism, which was marked by demolition of the Babri Masjid in 1992 and the subsequent communal riots.

What is change in 1990?

The 1990s saw an increased spread of capitalism and third way policies. The former countries of the Warsaw Pact moved from single-party socialist states to multi-party states with private sector economies.

Who resolved the issue of Mandal Commission?

The Mandal Commission’s issue was settled by the Supreme Court. This ruling was reached after 11 Supreme Court judges heard arguments both ways of the dispute. In 1992, the Supreme Court upheld the government’s reserve order for financially and scholastically disadvantaged groups.