Differentiate the functions given in question 1 to 10 with respect to x.
Question 1. cos x.cos2x.cos3x
Solution:
Let us considered y = cos x.cos2x.cos3x
Now taking log on both sides, we get
log y = log(cos x.cos2x.cos3x)
log y = log(cos x) + log(cos 2x) + log (cos 3x)
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{y}.\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{1}{\cos x}.\frac{d}{dx}\cos x+\frac{1}{\cos2x}.\frac{d}{dx}\cos2x+\frac{1}{\cos3x}.\frac{d}{dx}\cos3x[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{y}.\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{1}{\cos x}.(-\sin x)+\frac{1}{\cos 2x}(-\sin2x).\frac{d}{dx}.2x+\frac{1}{\cos3x}.(-\sin3x).\frac{d}{dx}3x[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{y}.\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{-\sin x}{\cos x}-\frac{2\sin2x}{\cos2x}-\frac{3\sin 3x}{\cos3x}[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx} [/Tex]= -y(tan x + 2tan 2x + 3 tan 3x)
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx} [/Tex]= -(cos x. cos 2x. cos 3x)(tan x + 2tan 2x + 3tan 3x)
Question 2. [Tex]\sqrt{\frac{(x-1)(x-2)}{(x-3)(x-4)(x-5)}}[/Tex]
Solution:
Let us considered y = [Tex]\sqrt{\frac{(x-1)(x-2)}{(x-3)(x-4)(x-5)}}[/Tex]
Now taking log on both sides, we get
log y = [Tex]\log (\frac{(x-1)(x-2)}{(x-3)(x-4)(x-5)})^{\frac{1}{2}}[/Tex]
log y = [Tex]\frac{1}{2} [/Tex](log(x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3)(x – 4)(x – 5))
log y = [Tex]\frac{1}{2} [/Tex](log(x – 1) + log(x – 2) – log(x – 3) – log(x – 4) – log(x – 5))
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{y}.\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{1}{2}[(\frac{1}{x-1})+(\frac{1}{x-2})+(\frac{1}{x-3})+(\frac{1}{x-4})+(\frac{1}{x-5})][/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{y}{2}[(\frac{1}{x-1})+(\frac{1}{x-2})+(\frac{1}{x-3})+(\frac{1}{x-4})+(\frac{1}{x-5})][/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{(x-1)(x-2)}{(x-3)(x-4)(x-5)}}[(\frac{1}{x-1})+(\frac{1}{x-2})-(\frac{1}{x-3})-(\frac{1}{x-4})-(\frac{1}{x-5})][/Tex]
Question 3. (log x)cos x
Solution:
Let us considered y = (log x)cos x
Now taking log on both sides, we get
log y = log((log x)cos x)
log y = cos x(log(log x))
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{y}.\frac{dy}{dx}=\cos x(\frac{1}{\log x}).\frac{d}{dx}\log x+\log(\log x).(-\sin x)[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{y}.\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{\cos x}{\log x}.\frac{1}{x}-\sin x \log(\log x)[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=y(\frac{\cos x}{\log x}.\frac{1}{x}-\sin x\log (\log x))[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=(\log x)^{\cos x}(\frac{\cos x}{\log x}.\frac{1}{x}-\sin x \log(\log x))[/Tex]
Question 4. xx – 2sin x
Solution:
Given: y = xx – 2sin x
Let us considered y = u – v
Where, u = xx and v = 2sin x
So, dy/dx = du/dx – dv/dx ………(1)
So first we take u = xx
On taking log on both sides, we get
log u = log xx
log u = x log x
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{u}\frac{du}{dx}=x.(\frac{1}{x})+\log x.1 [/Tex]
du/dx = u(1 + log x)
du/dx = xx(1 + log x) ………(2)
Now we take v = 2sin x
On taking log on both sides, we get
log v = log (2sinx)
log v = sin x log2
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{v}.\frac{dv}{dx}=\log2(\cos x)[/Tex]
dv/dx = v(log2cos x)
dv/dx = 2sin xcos xlog2 ………(3)
Now put all the values from eq(2) and (3) into eq(1)
dy/dx = xx(1 + log x) – 2sin xcos xlog2
Question 5. (x + 3)2.(x + 4)3.(x + 5)4
Solution:
Let us considered y = (x + 3)2.(x + 4)3.(x + 5)4
Now taking log on both sides, we get
log y = log[(x + 3)3.(x + 4)3.(x + 5)4]
log y = 2 log(x + 3) + 3 log(x + 4) + 4 log(x + 5)
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{y}.\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{2}{x+3}+\frac{3}{x+4}+\frac{4}{x+5}[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=y(\frac{2}{x+3}+\frac{3}{x+4}+\frac{4}{x+5})[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=(x+3)^2(x+4)^3(x+5)^4(\frac{2}{x+3}+\frac{3}{x+4}+\frac{4}{x+5})[/Tex]
Question 6. [Tex](x+\frac{1}{x})^x+x(1+\frac{1}{x})[/Tex]
Solution:
Given: y = [Tex](x+\frac{1}{x})^x+x(1+\frac{1}{x})[/Tex]
Let us considered y = u + v
Where [Tex]u=(x+\frac{1}{x})^x [/Tex] and [Tex]v=x^{1+\frac{1}{x}}[/Tex]
so, dy/dx = du/dx + dv/dx ………(1)
Now first we take [Tex]u=(x+\frac{1}{x})^x[/Tex]
On taking log on both sides, we get
log u = [Tex]\log(x+\frac{1}{x})^x [/Tex]
log u = [Tex]xlog(x+\frac{1}{x}) [/Tex]
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{u}.\frac{du}{dx}=x\frac{1}{(x+\frac{1}{x})}.\frac{d}{dx}(x+\frac{1}{x})+\log(x+\frac{1}{x})[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{u}.\frac{du}{dx}=(\frac{x^2}{x^2+1})(\frac{x^2-1}{x^2})+\log(x+\frac{1}{x})[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=u[\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+1}+\log(x+\frac{1}{x})][/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{du}{dx}=(x+\frac{1}{x})^x(\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+1}+\log(x+\frac{1}{x})) [/Tex] ………(2)
Now we take [Tex]v=x^{1+\frac{1}{x}}[/Tex]
On taking log on both sides, we get
log v = [Tex]log x^{(1 + \frac{1}{x})} [/Tex]
log v = [Tex](1 + \frac{1}{x})log x[/Tex]
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{v}\frac{dv}{dx}=(1+\frac{1}{x})\frac{d}{dx}(\log x)\log x\frac{d}{dx}(1+\frac{1}{x})[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=v[(\frac{x+1}{x}).\frac{1}{x}+\log x(\frac{-1}{x^2})][/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=x^{1+\frac{1}{x}}.[\frac{1+1-\log x}{x^2}] [/Tex] ………(3)
Now put all the values from eq(2) and (3) into eq(1)
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=(x+\frac{1}{x})^2(\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+1}+\log(x+\frac{1}{x}))+x^{(1+\frac{1}{x}).[\frac{x+1-\log x}{x^2}]}[/Tex]
Question 7. (log x)x + x log x
Solution:
Given: y = (log x)x + x log x
Let us considered y = u + v
Where u = (log x)x and v = xlog x
so, dy/dx = du/dx + dv/dx ………(1)
Now first we take u = (log x)x
On taking log on both sides, we get
log u = log(log x)x
log u = x log(log x)
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{u}\frac{du}{dx}=x.\frac{d}{dx}\log(\log x)+\log(\log x).\frac{d}{dx}.x [/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{u}\frac{du}{dx}=u(\frac{x}{\log x}.\frac{1}{x}+\log(\log x))[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{du}{dx}=(\log x)^x(\frac{1}{\log x}+\log(\log x)) [/Tex] ………(2)
Now we take v = xlog x
On taking log on both sides, we get
log v = log(xlog x)
log v = logx log(x)
log v = logx2
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{v}.\frac{dv}{dx}=\frac{d}{dx}(\log^2x)[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{v}.\frac{dv}{dx}=2\log x\frac{d}{dx}(\log x)[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=v.(2\log x.\frac{1}{x})[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=x^{\log x}.\frac{2\log x }{x} [/Tex] ………(3)
Now put all the values from eq(2) and (3) into eq(1)
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=(\log x)^x(\frac{1}{\log x}+\log(\log x))+x^{\log x}.\frac{2\log x}{x}[/Tex]
Question 8. (sin x)x + sin–1√x
Solution:
Given: y = (sin x)x + sin–1√x
Let us considered y = u + v
Where u = (sin x)x and v = sin–1√x
so, dy/dx = du/dx + dv/dx ………(1)
Now first we take u = (sin x)x
On taking log on both sides, we get
log u = log(sin x)x
log u = xlog(sin x)
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{u}.\frac{du}{dx}=x\frac{d}{dx}(\log(\sin x))+\log(\sin x).\frac{d}{dx}x [/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{u}.\frac{du}{dx}=x.\frac{1}{\sin x}.\frac{d}{dx}.\sin x+\log(\sin x)[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{du}{dx}=u(\frac{x\cos x}{\sin x}+\log(\sin x))[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{du}{dx}=(\sin x)^x.(x\cot x+\log(\sin x)) [/Tex] ………(2)
Now we take v = sin–1√x
On taking log on both sides, we get
log v = log sin–1√x
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-(\sqrt{x}^2)}}.\frac{d}{dx}\sqrt{x}[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x-x^2}} [/Tex] ………(3)
Now put all the values from eq(2) and (3) into eq(1)
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=(\sin x)^x.(x\cot x+\log(\sin x))+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x-x^2}}[/Tex]
Question 9. x sin x + (sin x)cos x
Solution:
Given: y = x sin x + (sin x)cos x
Let us considered y = u + v
Where u = x sin x and v = (sin x)cos x
so, dy/dx = du/dx + dv/dx ………(1)
Now first we take u = x sin x
On taking log on both sides, we get
log u = log xsin x
log u = sin x(log x)
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{u}.\frac{du}{dx}=\sin x\frac{d}{dx}\log x+\log x\frac{d}{dx}\sin x [/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{du}{dx}=u.[\sin x.\frac{1}{x}+\log x(\cos x)][/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{du}{dx}=x^{\sin x}(\frac{\sin x}{x}+\log x(\cos x)) [/Tex] ………(2)
Now we take v =(sin x)cos x
On taking log on both sides, we get
log v = log(sin x)cos x
log v = cosx log(sinx)
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{v}\frac{dv}{dx}=\cos x\frac{d}{dx}\log(\sin x)+\log(\sin x).\frac{d}{dx}\cos x[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{v}\frac{dv}{dx}=(\cos x.\frac{1}{\sin x}.\frac{d}{dx}\sin x+\log(\sin x).(-\sin x))[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=\sin x^{\cos x}(\cot x.\cos x-\sin x\log(\sin x)) [/Tex] ………(3)
Now put all the values from eq(2) and (3) into eq(1)
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=x^{\sin x}(\frac{\sin x}{x}+\log X(\cos x)+\sin x^{\cos x}(\cot x\cos x-\sin x\log(\sin x)))[/Tex]
Question 10. [Tex]x^{x\cos x}+\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-1}[/Tex]
Solution:
Given: y = [Tex]x^{x\cos x}+\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-1}[/Tex]
Let us considered y = u + v
Where u = xxcosx and v = [Tex]\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-1}[/Tex]
so, dy/dx = du/dx + dv/dx ………(1)
Now first we take u = xxcosx
On taking log on both sides, we get
log u = log (x xcosx)
log u = x.cosx.logx
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{u}\frac{du}{dx}=\frac{d}{dx}(x).cosx.logx+x.\frac{d}{dx}(cosx).logx+x.cosx.\frac{d}{dx}(logx)[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{du}{dx}=u[1.cosx.logx+x.(-sinx).logx+x.cosx.\frac{1}{x}][/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{du}{dx}=x^{xcosx}[cosx(1+logx)-xsinxlogx] [/Tex] ………(2)
Now we take v =[Tex]\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-1}[/Tex]
On taking log on both sides, we get
log v = log[Tex]\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-1}[/Tex]
log v = log(x2 + 1) – log(x2 – 1)
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{v}\frac{dv}{dx}=\frac{1}{x^2+1}.\frac{d}{dx}(x^2+1)-\frac{1}{x^2-1}.\frac{d}{dx}(x^2-1)[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{fv}{dx}=v(\frac{2x}{x^2+1}-\frac{2x}{x^2-1})[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=\frac{(x^2+1)}{(x^2-1)}(2x).(\frac{(x^2-1)-(x^2+1)}{(x^2+1)(x^2-1)})[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=\frac{(2x)(-2)}{(x^2-1)^2} [/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=\frac{-4x}{(x^2-1)^2} [/Tex] ………(3)
Now put all the values from eq(2) and (3) into eq(1)
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=x^{xcosx}[cosx(1+logx)-xsinxlogx]-\frac{4x}{(x^2-1)^2}[/Tex]
Question 11. Differentiate the function with respect to x.
(x cos x)x + (x sin x)1/x
Solution:
Given: (x cos x)x + (x sin x)1/x
Let us considered y = u + v
Where, u = (x cos x)x and v = (x sin x)1/x
So, dy/dx = du/dx + dv/dx ………(1)
So first we take u = (x cos x)x
On taking log on both sides, we get
log u = log(x cos x)x
log u = xlog(x cos x)
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{u}\frac{du}{dx}=x\frac{d}{dx}(\log x+\log(\cos x))+\log x+\log \cos x[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{u}\frac{du}{dx}=x(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{\cos x}\frac{d}{dx}\cos x)+\log x+\log\cos x[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{du}{dx}=u(x(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{-\sin x}{\cos x})+\log x+\log(\cos x))[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{du}{dx}=(x\cos x)^x(1-x\tan x+\log x+\log(\cos x)) [/Tex] ………(2)
Now we take u =(x sin x)1/x
On taking log on both sides, we get
log v = log (x sin x)1/x
log v = 1/x log (x sin x)
log v = 1/x(log x + log sin x)
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{v}\frac{dv}{dx}=\frac{1}{x}\frac{d}{dx}(\log x+\log(\sin x)+\frac{d}{dx}(\frac{1}{x}).(\log x+\log(\sin x)))[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{v}.\frac{dv}{dx}=\frac{1}{x}(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{\sin x}.\frac{d}{dx}\sin x)+(\frac{-1}{x^2})(\log x+\log(\sin x))[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=v(\frac{1}{x}(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{\cos x}{\sin x})\frac{-1}{x^2}(\log x+\log(\sin x)))[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=(x\sin x)^{1/2}.[(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{\cot x}{x})-\frac{\log x}{x^2}-\frac{\log(\sin x)}{x^2}] [/Tex] ………(3)
Now put all the values from eq(2) and (3) into eq(1)
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=(x\cos)^x(1-x\tan x+\log x+\log(\cos x))+(x\sin x)^{\frac{1}{x}}.[\frac{xcotx+1-log(xsinx)}{x^2}][/Tex]
Find dy/dx of the function given in questions 12 to 15
Question 12. xy + yx = 1
Solution:
Given: xy + yx = 1
Let us considered
u = xy and v = yx
So,
[Tex]\frac{du}{dx}+\frac{dv}{dx}=0 [/Tex]………(1)
So first we take u = xy
On taking log on both sides, we get
log u = log(xy)
log u = y log x
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{u}.\frac{du}{dx}=y.\frac{d}{dx}\log x+\frac{dy}{dx}.\log x[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{u}\frac{du}{dx}=\frac{y}{x}+\frac{dy}{dx}\log x[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{du}{dx}=x^4(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{dy}{dx}\log x) [/Tex] ………(2)
Now we take v = yx
On taking log on both sides, we get
log v = log(y)x
log v = x log y
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{v}.\frac{dv}{dx}=x\frac{d}{dx}(\log x)+\log y\frac{d}{dx}x[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=v(x.\frac{1}{y}.\frac{dy}{dx}+\log y)[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dv}{dx}=y^x(\frac{x}{y}\frac{dy}{dx}+\log x) [/Tex] ………(3)
Now put all the values from eq(2) and (3) into eq(1)
[Tex]x^y(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{dy}{dx}\log x)+y^x(\frac{x}{y}\frac{dy}{dx}+\log y)=0[/Tex]
[Tex](x^y.\log x+xy^{x-1})\frac{dy}{dx}=-(yx^{y-1}+y^x\log y)[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{-yx^{y-1}+y^x\log y}{x^y\log x+xy^{x-1}}[/Tex]
Question 13. yx = xy
Solution:
Given: yx = xy
On taking log on both sides, we get
log(yx) = log(xy)
xlog y = y log x
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]x\frac{dy}{dx}(\log y)+\log y(\frac{d}{dx}x)=y\frac{d}{dx}\log x+\log x\frac{d}{dx}y[/Tex]
[Tex]x.\frac{d}{dx}.y+\log y.1=y.\frac{1}{x}+\log x\frac{dy}{dx}[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{x}{y}\frac{dy}{dx}+\log y=\frac{y}{x}+\log x\frac{dy}{dx}[/Tex]
[Tex](\frac{x}{y}-\log x)\frac{dy}{dx}=(\frac{y}{x}-\log y)[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{\frac{y}{x}-\log y}{\frac{x}{y}-\log x}[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{y}{x}(\frac{y-x\log y}{x-y\log x})[/Tex]
Question 14. (cos x)y = (cos y)x
Solution:
Given: (cos x)y = (cos y)x
On taking log on both sides, we get
y log(cos x) = x log (cos y)
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]y\frac{d}{dx}\log(\cos x)+\log(\cos x).\frac{dy}{dx}=x\frac{d}{dx}\log (\cos y)+\log(\cos y)\frac{dx}{dx}[/Tex]
[Tex]y\frac{1}{\cos x}\frac{d}{dx}\cos x+\log(\cos x)\frac{dy}{dx}=x\frac{1}{\cos y}\frac{d}{dx}\cos y+\log(\cos y).1[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{y}{\cos x}.-\sin x+\log(\cos x).\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{x}{\cos y}.(-\sin y).\frac{dy}{dx}+\log(\cos y)[/Tex]
[Tex](\log(\cos x)+x\tan y)\frac{dy}{dx}=\log(\cos y)+y \tan x[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{\log(\cos y)+y\tan x}{\log(\cos x)+x\tan y}[/Tex]
Question 15. xy = e(x – y)
Solution:
Given: xy = e(x – y)
On taking log on both sides, we get
log(xy) = log ex – y
log x + log y = x – y
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{d}{dx}\log x+\frac{d}{dx}\log y=\frac{dx}{dx}-\frac{dy}{dx}[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{x}.+\frac{1}{y}.\frac{dy}{dx}=1-\frac{dy}{dx} [/Tex]
[Tex](\frac{1}{y}+1)\frac{dy}{dx}=(1-\frac{1}{x})[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{(1-\frac{1}{x})}{(1+\frac{1}{y})} [/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{y(x-1)}{x(y+1)}[/Tex]
Question 16. Find the derivative of the function given by f(x) = (x + 1)(x + x2)(1 + x4)(1 + x8) and hence find f'(1).
Solution:
Given: f(x) = (x + 1)(x + x2)(1 + x4)(1 + x8)
Find: f'(1)
On taking log on both sides, we get
log(f(x)) = log(1 + x) + log(1 + x2) + log(1 + x4) + log(1 + x8)
Now, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{f(x)}.\frac{d}{dx}f{x}=\frac{1}{1+x}\frac{d}{dx}(1+x)+\frac{1}{1+x^2}(1+x)^2+\frac{1}{1+x^4}.\frac{d}{dx}(1+x^4)+\frac{1}{1+x^8}\frac{d}{dx}(1+x^8)\frac{f'(x)}{f(x)}=\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{2x}{1+x^2}+\frac{4x^3}{1+x^4}+\frac{8x^7}{1+x^8}[/Tex]
[Tex]f'(x)=(1+x)(1+x^2)(1+x^4)(1+x^8)(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{2}{1+x^2}+\frac{4x^3}{1+x^2}+\frac{8x^7}{1+x^8})[/Tex]
∴ f'(1) = 2.2.2.2.[Tex](\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{2}+\frac{4}{2}+\frac{8}{2})[/Tex]
[Tex]f'(1)=16.(\frac{15}{2})[/Tex]
f'(1) = 120
Question 17. Differentiate (x5 – 5x + 8)(x3 + 7x + 9) in three ways mentioned below
(i) By using product rule
(ii) By expanding the product to obtain a single polynomial
(iii) By logarithmic differentiation.
Do they all give the same answer?
Solution:
(i) By using product rule
[Tex]\frac{d}{dx}(u.v)=v\frac{du}{dv}+u\frac{dv}{dx}[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=(x^2-5x+8)\frac{d}{dx}(x^3+7x+9)+(x^3+7x+9).\frac{d}{dx}(x^2-5x+8)[/Tex]
dy/dx = (3x4 – 15x3 + 24x2 + 7x2 – 35x + 56) + (2x4 + 14x2 + 18x – 5x3 – 35x – 45)
dy/dx = 5x4 – 20x3 + 45x2 – 52x + 11
(ii) By expansion
y = (x2 – 5x + 8)(x3 + 7x + 9)
y = x5 + 7x3 + 9x2 – 5x4 – 35x2 – 45x + 8x3 + 56x + 72
y = x5 – 5x4 + 15x3 – 26x2 + 11x + 72
dy/dx = 5x4 – 20x3 + 45x2 – 52x + 11
(iii) By logarithmic expansion
Taking log on both sides
log y = log(x2 – 5x + 8) + log(x3 + 7x + 9)
Now on differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
[Tex]\frac{1}{y}.\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{1}{x^2-5x+8}.\frac{d}{dx}(x^2-5x+8)+\frac{1}{x^3+7x+9}\frac{d}{dx}(x^3+7x+9)[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{y}.\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{2x-5}{x^2-5x+8}+\frac{3x^2+7}{x^3+7x+9}[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{1}{(x^2-5x+8)(x^3+7x+9)}\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{(2x-5)(x^3+7x+9)+(3x^2+7)(x^2-5x+8)}{(x^2-5x+8)(x^3+7x+9)}[/Tex]
dy/dx = 2x4 + 14x2 + 18x – 5x3 – 35x – 45 + 3x4 – 15x3 + 24x2 + 7x2 – 35x + 56
dy/dx = 5x4 – 20x3 + 45x2 – 52x + 11
Answer is always same what-so-ever method we use.
Question 18. If u, v and w are function of x, then show that
[Tex]\frac{d}{dx}(u.v.w)=\frac{du}{dx}v.w+u.\frac{dv}{dx}.w+u.v.\frac{dw}{dx}[/Tex]
Solution:
Let y = u.v.w.
Method 1: Using product Rule
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=u\frac{d}{dx}(v.w)+v.w\frac{d}{dx}u[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=u.[v.\frac{dw}{dx}+w\frac{du}{dx}]+v.w.\frac{du}{dx}[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=u.v.\frac{dw}{dx}+u.w.\frac{dv}{dx}+v.w\frac{du}{dx}[/Tex]
Method 2: Using logarithmic differentiation
Taking log on both sides
log y = log u + log v + log w
Now, Differentiating w.r.t. x
[Tex]\frac{1}{y}\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{1}{u}\frac{du}{dx}+\frac{1}{v}\frac{dv}{dx}+\frac{1}{w}.\frac{dw}{dx} [/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=(u.v.w)(\frac{1}{u}\frac{du}{dx}+\frac{1}{v}\frac{dv}{dx}+\frac{1}{w}\frac{dw}{dx})[/Tex]
[Tex]\frac{dy}{dx}=v.w\frac{du}{dx}+uw\frac{dv}{dx}+uv\frac{dw}{dx}[/Tex]
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