Sum of K largest elements in BST using O(1) Extra space

Given a BST, the task is to find the sum of all elements greater than or equal to K-th largest element in O(1) space.
Examples:

Input : K = 3
              8
            /   \
           7     10
         /      /   \
        2      9     13
Output : 32
Explanation: 3rd largest element is 9 so sum of all
             elements greater than or equal to 9 are
             9 + 10 + 13 = 32.

Input : K = 2
           8
         /   \
        5    11
      /  \
     2    7
      \
       3
Output : 19
Explanation: 2nd largest element is 8 so sum of all
             elements greater than or equal to 8 are
             8 + 11 = 19.

Approach: The approach here is to do reverse inorder traversal, and while doing it simply keep a count of the number of nodes visited. Until the count of visited nodes is less than equal to K, keep on adding the current node’s data. Use the fact that the reverse inorder traversal of a BST gives us a list that is sorted in decreasing order. But recursion or stack/queue-based approach to do reverse inorder traversal because both these techniques consume O(n) extra memory, instead make use of Reverse Morris Traversal to do inorder tree traversal, which is a memory-efficient and faster method to do reverse inorder tree traversal based on threaded binary trees.
Given below is the algorithm:

1) Initialize Current as root.
2) Initialize a "count" and "sum" variable to 0.
3) While current is not NULL :
   3.1) If the current has no right child
      a) Increment count and check if count is less than or equal to K.
        1) Simply add the current node's data in "sum" variable.
      b) Otherwise, Move to the left child of current.

   3.2) Else, here we have 2 cases:
      a) Find the inorder successor of current Node. 
         Inorder successor is the left most Node 
         in the right subtree or right child itself.

      b) If the left child of the inorder successor is NULL:
         1) Set current as the left child of its inorder successor.
         2) Move current Node to its right child.

      c) Else, if the threaded link between the current Node 
         and it's inorder successor already exists :
         1) Set left pointer of the inorder successor as NULL.
         2) Increment count and check if the count is less than or equal to K.
            2.a) Simply add the current node's data in "sum" variable.
         3) Otherwise, Move current to it's left child.

4)After the traversal is complete simply return the sum.

Below is the implementation of the above approach: 

C++

// C++ program to find sum of
// K largest elements in BST using
// Reverse Morris Traversal
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

struct node {
    int data;
    struct node *left, *right;
};

// Add a new node
node* newNode(int item)
{
    node* temp = new node;
    temp->data = item;
    temp->left = temp->right = NULL;

    return temp;
}

// Function to find the sum of the K largest elements
// space efficient method used
int SumKLargestUsingReverseMorrisTraversal(node* root, int k)
{
    node* curr = root;
    int sum = 0;
    int count = 0;

    // while doing reverse inorder traversal
    // keep track of visited nodes
    while (curr) {
        if (curr->right == NULL) {

            // till count is less than k
            if (++count <= k) {
                sum += curr->data;
            }

            curr = curr->left;
        }

        else {
            // finding the inorder successor node
            // inorder successor is the left most in right subtree
            node* succ = curr->right;
            while (succ->left && succ->left != curr)
                succ = succ->left;

            if (succ->left == NULL) {
                succ->left = curr;

                curr = curr->right;
            }

            // if the threaded link already exists then simply
            // revert back the tree to original form.
            else {
                succ->left = NULL;

                if (++count <= k)
                    sum += curr->data;

                curr = curr->left;
            }
        }
    }

    return sum;
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    /* Constructed binary tree is
          8
        /   \
       7     10
     /      /  \
    2      9    13
*/

    struct node* root = newNode(8);

    root->right = newNode(10);
    root->left = newNode(7);
    root->left->left = newNode(2);

    root->right->left = newNode(9);
    root->right->right = newNode(13);

    cout << SumKLargestUsingReverseMorrisTraversal(root, 3);

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to find sum of
// K largest elements in BST using
// Reverse Morris Traversal
class GFG
{
static class node
{
    int data;
    node left, right;
};

// Add a new node
static node newNode(int item)
{
    node temp = new node();
    temp.data = item;
    temp.left = temp.right = null;

    return temp;
}

// Function to find the sum of the K largest elements
// space efficient method used
static int SumKLargestUsingReverseMorrisTraversal(node root, int k)
{
    node curr = root;
    int sum = 0;
    int count = 0;

    // while doing reverse inorder traversal
    // keep track of visited nodes
    while (curr != null)
    {
        if (curr.right == null)
        {

            // till count is less than k
            if (++count <= k)
            {
                sum += curr.data;
            }

            curr = curr.left;
        }

        else
        {
            // finding the inorder successor node
            // inorder successor is the left most in right subtree
            node succ = curr.right;
            while (succ.left != null && succ.left != curr)
                succ = succ.left;

            if (succ.left == null)
            {
                succ.left = curr;

                curr = curr.right;
            }

            // if the threaded link already exists then simply
            // revert back the tree to original form.
            else
            {
                succ.left = null;

                if (++count <= k)
                    sum += curr.data;

                curr = curr.left;
            }
        }
    }
    return sum;
}

// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    /* Constructed binary tree is
       8
      / \
     7     10
    /     / \
    2     9 13 */
    node root = newNode(8);

    root.right = newNode(10);
    root.left = newNode(7);
    root.left.left = newNode(2);

    root.right.left = newNode(9);
    root.right.right = newNode(13);

    System.out.println(SumKLargestUsingReverseMorrisTraversal(root, 3));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992

Python3

# Python3 program to find sum of
# K largest elements in BST using
# Reverse Morris Traversal
class node:

    def __init__(self, data):

        self.data = data
        self.left = None
        self.right = None

# Add a new node
def newNode(item):

    temp = node(item)
    return temp

# Function to find the sum of
# the K largest elements
# space efficient method used
def SumKLargestUsingReverseMorrisTraversal(root, k):

    curr = root
    sum = 0
    count = 0

    # while doing reverse inorder traversal
    # keep track of visited nodes
    while (curr):
        if (curr.right == None):

            # till count is less than k
            count += 1
            if (count <= k):
                sum += curr.data

            curr = curr.left

        else:

            # finding the inorder successor node
            # inorder successor is the left most
            # in right subtree
            succ = curr.right
            while (succ.left and
                   succ.left != curr):
                succ = succ.left

            if (succ.left == None):
                succ.left = curr
                curr = curr.right

            # if the threaded link already exists
            # then simply revert back the tree to
            # original form.
            else:
                succ.left = None
                count += 1
                if (count <= k):
                    sum += curr.data

                curr = curr.left
    return sum

# Driver code
if __name__ == "__main__":

    ''' Constructed binary tree is
          8
        /   \
       7     10
     /      /  \
    2      9    13 '''

    root = newNode(8)

    root.right = newNode(10)
    root.left = newNode(7)
    root.left.left = newNode(2)

    root.right.left = newNode(9)
    root.right.right = newNode(13)

    print(SumKLargestUsingReverseMorrisTraversal(root, 3))

# This code is contributed by Rutvik_56

C#

// C# program to find sum of
// K largest elements in BST using
// Reverse Morris Traversal
using System;

class GFG
{
public class node
{
    public int data;
    public node left, right;
};

// Add a new node
static node newNode(int item)
{
    node temp = new node();
    temp.data = item;
    temp.left = temp.right = null;

    return temp;
}

// Function to find the sum of the K largest elements
// space efficient method used
static int SumKLargestUsingReverseMorrisTraversal(node root, int k)
{
    node curr = root;
    int sum = 0;
    int count = 0;

    // while doing reverse inorder traversal
    // keep track of visited nodes
    while (curr != null)
    {
        if (curr.right == null)
        {

            // till count is less than k
            if (++count <= k)
            {
                sum += curr.data;
            }

            curr = curr.left;
        }

        else
        {
            // finding the inorder successor node
            // inorder successor is the left most in right subtree
            node succ = curr.right;
            while (succ.left != null && succ.left != curr)
                succ = succ.left;

            if (succ.left == null)
            {
                succ.left = curr;

                curr = curr.right;
            }

            // if the threaded link already exists then simply
            // revert back the tree to original form.
            else
            {
                succ.left = null;

                if (++count <= k)
                    sum += curr.data;

                curr = curr.left;
            }
        }
    }
    return sum;
}

// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    /* Constructed binary tree is
    8
    / \
    7     10
    /     / \
    2     9 13 */
    node root = newNode(8);

    root.right = newNode(10);
    root.left = newNode(7);
    root.left.left = newNode(2);

    root.right.left = newNode(9);
    root.right.right = newNode(13);

    Console.WriteLine(SumKLargestUsingReverseMorrisTraversal(root, 3));
}
}

// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar

Javascript

<script>
// Javascript program to find sum of
// K largest elements in BST using
// Reverse Morris Traversal

class node
{
    constructor()
    {
        this.data = 0;
        this.left = this.right = null;
    }
}

// Add a new node
function newNode(item)
{
    let temp = new node();
    temp.data = item;
    temp.left = temp.right = null;

    return temp;
}

// Function to find the sum of the K largest elements
// space efficient method used
function SumKLargestUsingReverseMorrisTraversal(root,k)
{
    let  curr = root;
    let sum = 0;
    let count = 0;

    // while doing reverse inorder traversal
    // keep track of visited nodes
    while (curr != null)
    {
        if (curr.right == null)
        {

            // till count is less than k
            if (++count <= k)
            {
                sum += curr.data;
            }

            curr = curr.left;
        }

        else
        {
            // finding the inorder successor node
            // inorder successor is the left most in right subtree
            let succ = curr.right;
            while (succ.left != null && succ.left != curr)
                succ = succ.left;

            if (succ.left == null)
            {
                succ.left = curr;

                curr = curr.right;
            }

            // if the threaded link already exists then simply
            // revert back the tree to original form.
            else
            {
                succ.left = null;

                if (++count <= k)
                    sum += curr.data;

                curr = curr.left;
            }
        }
    }
    return sum;
}


// Driver Code
/* Constructed binary tree is
       8
      / \
     7     10
    /     / \
    2     9 13 */
let root = newNode(8);

root.right = newNode(10);
root.left = newNode(7);
root.left.left = newNode(2);

root.right.left = newNode(9);
root.right.right = newNode(13);

document.write(SumKLargestUsingReverseMorrisTraversal(root, 3));


// This code is contributed by rag2127
</script>

Output:

32

Time Complexity: O(N) 
Space complexity: O(1)