Selection Sort

Difficulty Level : Easy
Last Updated : 21 Jan, 2022

The selection sort algorithm sorts an array by repeatedly finding the minimum element (considering ascending order) from unsorted part and putting it at the beginning. The algorithm maintains two subarrays in a given array.
1) The subarray which is already sorted.
2) Remaining subarray which is unsorted.
In every iteration of selection sort, the minimum element (considering ascending order) from the unsorted subarray is picked and moved to the sorted subarray.
Following example explains the above steps:

arr[] = 64 25 12 22 11

// Find the minimum element in arr[0...4]
// and place it at beginning
11 25 12 22 64

// Find the minimum element in arr[1...4]
// and place it at beginning of arr[1...4]
11 12 25 22 64

// Find the minimum element in arr[2...4]
// and place it at beginning of arr[2...4]
11 12 22 25 64

// Find the minimum element in arr[3...4]
// and place it at beginning of arr[3...4]
11 12 22 25 64

Flowchart of the Selection Sort:

C++

// C++ program for implementation of selection sort
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
void swap(int *xp, int *yp)
{
    int temp = *xp;
    *xp = *yp;
    *yp = temp;
}
 
void selectionSort(int arr[], int n)
{
    int i, j, min_idx;
 
    // One by one move boundary of unsorted subarray
    for (i = 0; i < n-1; i++)
    {
        // Find the minimum element in unsorted array
        min_idx = i;
        for (j = i+1; j < n; j++)
        if (arr[j] < arr[min_idx])
            min_idx = j;
 
        // Swap the found minimum element with the first element
        swap(&arr[min_idx], &arr[i]);
    }
}
 
/* Function to print an array */
void printArray(int arr[], int size)
{
    int i;
    for (i=0; i < size; i++)
        cout << arr[i] << " ";
    cout << endl;
}
 
// Driver program to test above functions
int main()
{
    int arr[] = {64, 25, 12, 22, 11};
    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
    selectionSort(arr, n);
    cout << "Sorted array: \n";
    printArray(arr, n);
    return 0;
}
 
// This is code is contributed by rathbhupendra

C

// C program for implementation of selection sort
#include <stdio.h>
 
void swap(int *xp, int *yp)
{
    int temp = *xp;
    *xp = *yp;
    *yp = temp;
}
 
void selectionSort(int arr[], int n)
{
    int i, j, min_idx;
 
    // One by one move boundary of unsorted subarray
    for (i = 0; i < n-1; i++)
    {
        // Find the minimum element in unsorted array
        min_idx = i;
        for (j = i+1; j < n; j++)
          if (arr[j] < arr[min_idx])
            min_idx = j;
 
        // Swap the found minimum element with the first element
        swap(&arr[min_idx], &arr[i]);
    }
}
 
/* Function to print an array */
void printArray(int arr[], int size)
{
    int i;
    for (i=0; i < size; i++)
        printf("%d ", arr[i]);
    printf("\n");
}
 
// Driver program to test above functions
int main()
{
    int arr[] = {64, 25, 12, 22, 11};
    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
    selectionSort(arr, n);
    printf("Sorted array: \n");
    printArray(arr, n);
    return 0;
}

Python3

# Python program for implementation of Selection
# Sort
import sys
A = [64, 25, 12, 22, 11]
 
# Traverse through all array elements
for i in range(len(A)):
     
    # Find the minimum element in remaining
    # unsorted array
    min_idx = i
    for j in range(i+1, len(A)):
        if A[min_idx] > A[j]:
            min_idx = j
             
    # Swap the found minimum element with
    # the first element       
    A[i], A[min_idx] = A[min_idx], A[i]
 
# Driver code to test above
print ("Sorted array")
for i in range(len(A)):
    print("%d" %A[i],end=" ")

Java

// Java program for implementation of Selection Sort
class SelectionSort
{
    void sort(int arr[])
    {
        int n = arr.length;
 
        // One by one move boundary of unsorted subarray
        for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++)
        {
            // Find the minimum element in unsorted array
            int min_idx = i;
            for (int j = i+1; j < n; j++)
                if (arr[j] < arr[min_idx])
                    min_idx = j;
 
            // Swap the found minimum element with the first
            // element
            int temp = arr[min_idx];
            arr[min_idx] = arr[i];
            arr[i] = temp;
        }
    }
 
    // Prints the array
    void printArray(int arr[])
    {
        int n = arr.length;
        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i)
            System.out.print(arr[i]+" ");
        System.out.println();
    }
 
    // Driver code to test above
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        SelectionSort ob = new SelectionSort();
        int arr[] = {64,25,12,22,11};
        ob.sort(arr);
        System.out.println("Sorted array");
        ob.printArray(arr);
    }
}
/* This code is contributed by Rajat Mishra*/

C#

// C# program for implementation
// of Selection Sort
using System;
 
class GFG
{
    static void sort(int []arr)
    {
        int n = arr.Length;
 
        // One by one move boundary of unsorted subarray
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
        {
            // Find the minimum element in unsorted array
            int min_idx = i;
            for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
                if (arr[j] < arr[min_idx])
                    min_idx = j;
 
            // Swap the found minimum element with the first
            // element
            int temp = arr[min_idx];
            arr[min_idx] = arr[i];
            arr[i] = temp;
        }
    }
 
    // Prints the array
    static void printArray(int []arr)
    {
        int n = arr.Length;
        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i)
            Console.Write(arr[i]+" ");
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void Main()
    {
        int []arr = {64,25,12,22,11};
        sort(arr);
        Console.WriteLine("Sorted array");
        printArray(arr);
    }
 
}
// This code is contributed by Sam007

PHP

<?php
// PHP program for implementation
// of selection sort
function selection_sort(&$arr, $n)
{
    for($i = 0; $i < $n ; $i++)
    {
        $low = $i;
        for($j = $i + 1; $j < $n ; $j++)
        {
            if ($arr[$j] < $arr[$low])
            {
                $low = $j;
            }
        }
         
        // swap the minimum value to $ith node
        if ($arr[$i] > $arr[$low])
        {
            $tmp = $arr[$i];
            $arr[$i] = $arr[$low];
            $arr[$low] = $tmp;
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
$arr = array(64, 25, 12, 22, 11);
$len = count($arr);
selection_sort($arr, $len);
echo "Sorted array : \n";
 
for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++)
    echo $arr[$i] . " ";
 
// This code is contributed
// by Deepika Gupta.
?>

Javascript

<script>
// Javascript program for implementation of selection sort
function swap(arr,xp, yp)
{
    var temp = arr[xp];
    arr[xp] = arr[yp];
    arr[yp] = temp;
}
 
function selectionSort(arr,  n)
{
    var i, j, min_idx;
 
    // One by one move boundary of unsorted subarray
    for (i = 0; i < n-1; i++)
    {
        // Find the minimum element in unsorted array
        min_idx = i;
        for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
        if (arr[j] < arr[min_idx])
            min_idx = j;
 
        // Swap the found minimum element with the first element
        swap(arr,min_idx, i);
    }
}
 
function printArray( arr,  size)
{
    var i;
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
        document.write(arr[i] + " ");
    document.write(" <br>");
}
 
var arr = [64, 25, 12, 22, 11];
    var n = 5;
    selectionSort(arr, n);
    document.write("Sorted array: <br>");
    printArray(arr, n);
 
// This code is contributed by akshitsaxenaa09.
</script>

Output:

Sorted array: 
11 12 22 25 64

Time Complexity: O(n²) as there are two nested loops.
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
The good thing about selection sort is it never makes more than O(n) swaps and can be useful when memory write is a costly operation.
Exercise :
Sort an array of strings using Selection Sort
Stability : The default implementation is not stable. However it can be made stable. Please see stable selection sort for details.
In Place : Yes, it does not require extra space.

Snapshots:
Quiz on Selection Sort
Other Sorting Algorithms on GeeksforGeeks/GeeksQuiz:

Coding practice for sorting.

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Table of Contents

Selection Sort

C++

C

Python3

Java

C#

PHP

Javascript

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