Prime Number of Set Bits in Binary Representation | Set 1

Given two integers ‘L’ and ‘R’, write a program to find the total numbers that are having prime number of set bits in their binary representation in the range [L, R]. 

Examples:

Input  : l = 6, r = 10
Output : 4
Explanation  :
6  -> 110  (2 set bits, 2 is prime)
7  -> 111  (3 set bits, 3 is prime)
9  -> 1001 (2 set bits, 2 is prime)
10 -> 1010 (2 set bits, 2 is prime)
Hence count is 4
Input  : l = 10, r = 15
Output : 5
10 -> 1010 (2 set bits, 2 is prime)
11 -> 1011 (3 set bits, 3 is prime)
12 -> 1100 (2 set bits, 2 is prime)
13 -> 1101 (3 set bits, 3 is prime)
14 -> 1110 (3 set bits, 3 is prime)
Hence count is 5

Explanation: In this program we find a total number, that’s having prime number of set bit. so we use a CPP predefined function __builtin_popcount() these functions provide a total set bit in number. as well as be check the total bit’s is prime or not if prime we increase the counter these process repeat till given range. 

C++

// C++ program to count total prime
// number of set bits in given range
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

bool isPrime(int n)
{
    // Corner cases
    if (n <= 1)  return false;
    if (n <= 3)  return true;

    // This is checked so that we can skip
    // middle five numbers in below loop
    if (n%2 == 0 || n%3 == 0) return false;

    for (int i=5; i*i<=n; i=i+6)
        if (n%i == 0 || n%(i+2) == 0)
           return false;

    return true;
}

// count number, that contains prime number of set bit
int primeBitsInRange(int l, int r)
{
    // tot_bit store number of bit in number
    int tot_bit, count = 0;

    // iterate loop from l to r
    for (int i = l; i <= r; i++) {

        // use predefined function for finding
        // set bit it is return number of set bit
        tot_bit = __builtin_popcount(i);

        // check tot_bit prime or, not
        if (isPrime(tot_bit))
            count++;
    }
    return count;
}

// Driven Program
int main()
{
    int l = 6, r = 10;
    cout << primeBitsInRange(l, r);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to count total prime
// number of set bits in given range
import java.lang.*;

class GFG{
static boolean isPrime(int n)
{
    // Corner cases
    if (n <= 1) return false;
    if (n <= 3) return true;

    // This is checked so that we can skip
    // middle five numbers in below loop
    if (n%2 == 0 || n%3 == 0) return false;

    for (int i=5; i*i<=n; i=i+6)
        if (n%i == 0 || n%(i+2) == 0)
        return false;

    return true;
}

// count number, that contains prime number of set bit
static int primeBitsInRange(int l, int r)
{
    // tot_bit store number of bit in number
    int tot_bit, count = 0;

    // iterate loop from l to r
    for (int i = l; i <= r; i++) {

        // use predefined function for finding
        // set bit it is return number of set bit
        tot_bit = Integer.bitCount(i);

        // check tot_bit prime or, not
        if (isPrime(tot_bit))
            count++;
    }
    return count;
}

// Driven Program
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int l = 6, r = 10;
    System.out.println(primeBitsInRange(l, r));

}
}
// This code is Contributed by mits

Python3

# Python3 program to count total prime
# number of set bits in given range
def isPrime(n):

    # Corner cases
    if (n <= 1): return False;
    if (n <= 3): return True;

    # This is checked so that we can skip
    # middle five numbers in below loop
    if (n % 2 == 0 or n % 3 == 0):
        return False;

    i = 5;
    while (i * i <= n):
        if(n % i == 0 or n % (i + 2) == 0):
            return False;
        i = i + 6;

    return True;

# count number, that contains
# prime number of set bit
def primeBitsInRange(l, r):

    # tot_bit store number of
    # bit in number
    count = 0;

    # iterate loop from l to r
    for i in range(l, r + 1):

        # use predefined function for finding
        # set bit it is return number of set bit
        tot_bit = bin(i).count('1');

        # check tot_bit prime or, not
        if (isPrime(tot_bit)):
            count += 1;

    return count;

# Driver Code
l = 6;
r = 10;
print(primeBitsInRange(l, r));

# This code is contributed by mits

C#

// C# program to count total prime
// number of set bits in given range

class GFG{

    // To count the bits
static int BitCount(int n)
{
    int count = 0;
    while (n != 0)
    {
        count++;
        n &= (n - 1);
    }

    return count;
}

static bool isPrime(int n)
{
    // Corner cases
    if (n <= 1) return false;
    if (n <= 3) return true;

    // This is checked so that we can skip
    // middle five numbers in below loop
    if (n%2 == 0 || n%3 == 0) return false;

    for (int i=5; i*i<=n; i=i+6)
        if (n%i == 0 || n%(i+2) == 0)
        return false;

    return true;
}

// count number, that contains prime number of set bit
static int primeBitsInRange(int l, int r)
{
    // tot_bit store number of bit in number
    int tot_bit, count = 0;

    // iterate loop from l to r
    for (int i = l; i <= r; i++) {

        // use predefined function for finding
        // set bit it is return number of set bit
        tot_bit = BitCount(i);

        // check tot_bit prime or, not
        if (isPrime(tot_bit))
            count++;
    }
    return count;
}

// Driven Program
public static void Main()
{
    int l = 6, r = 10;
    System.Console.WriteLine(primeBitsInRange(l, r));

}
}
// This code is Contributed by mits

Javascript

<script>

// Javascript program to count total prime
// number of set bits in given range

// To count the bits
function BitCount(n)
{
    count = 0;
    while (n != 0)
    {
        count++;
        n &= (n - 1);
    }

    return count;
}

function isPrime(n)
{

    // Corner cases
    if (n <= 1)
        return false;
    if (n <= 3)
        return true;

    // This is checked so that we can skip
    // middle five numbers in below loop
    if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0)
        return false;

    for(i = 5; i * i <= n; i = i + 6)
        if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0)
            return false;

    return true;
}

// Count number, that contains
// prime number of set bit
function primeBitsInRange(l, r)
{

    // tot_bit store number of bit in number
    var tot_bit, count = 0;

    // Iterate loop from l to r
    for(i = l; i <= r; i++)
    {

        // Use predefined function for finding
        // set bit it is return number of set bit
        tot_bit = BitCount(i);

        // Check tot_bit prime or, not
        if (isPrime(tot_bit))
            count++;
    }
    return count;
}

// Driver code
var l = 6, r = 10;

document.write(primeBitsInRange(l, r));

// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

</script>

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to count total prime
// number of set bits in given range
function BitCount($n)
{
    $count = 0;
    while ($n != 0)
    {
        $count++;
        $n &= ($n - 1);
    }

    return $count;
}

function isPrime($n)
{
    // Corner cases
    if ($n <= 1) return false;
    if ($n <= 3) return true;

    // This is checked so that we can skip
    // middle five numbers in below loop
    if ($n % 2 == 0 || $n % 3 == 0)
        return false;

    for ($i = 5; $i * $i <= $n; $i = $i + 6)
        if ($n % $i == 0 ||
            $n % ($i + 2) == 0)
        return false;

    return true;
}

// count number, that contains
// prime number of set bit
function primeBitsInRange($l, $r)
{
    // tot_bit store number of
    // bit in number
    $count = 0;

    // iterate loop from l to r
    for ($i = $l; $i <= $r; $i++)
    {

        // use predefined function for finding
        // set bit it is return number of set bit
        $tot_bit = BitCount($i);

        // check tot_bit prime or, not
        if (isPrime($tot_bit))
            $count++;
    }
    return $count;
}

// Driver Code
$l = 6;
$r = 10;
echo primeBitsInRange($l, $r);

// This code is contributed by mits
?>

Output

4

Time Complexity : Let’s n = (r-l) 
so overall time complexity is N*sqrt(N)
We can optimize above solution using Sieve of Eratosthenes.
Prime Number of Set Bits in Binary Representation | Set 2

Approach#2:  Using sieve of eratosthenes

The code uses three functions: sieve_of_eratosthenes(n), count_set_bits(n), and count_prime_set_bits(l, r). The first function, sieve_of_eratosthenes(n), generates a list of Boolean values indicating whether each integer up to n is prime or not. The second function, count_set_bits(n), returns the number of set bits (binary digits equal to 1) in the binary representation of n. The third function, count_prime_set_bits(l, r), counts the number of integers between l and r (inclusive) whose binary representations have a prime number of set bits. It does so by first using the sieve_of_eratosthenes function to generate a list of primes up to the maximum number of bits in any integer between l and r. It then iterates over each integer between l and r, counts the number of set bits in its binary representation using count_set_bits, and increments a counter if that count is a prime number. The final count is returned.

Algorithm

1. Generate all primes from 1 to the maximum number of set bits possible in the binary representation of r (let’s call it max_bits).
2. Loop from l to r (both inclusive).
3. Convert each decimal number to its binary representation.
4. Count the number of set bits in the binary representation.
5. Check if the count is prime or not using the pre-generated primes.
6. If the count is prime, increment the counter.
7. Return the counter as the answer.

C++

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

vector<bool> sieve_of_eratosthenes(int n) {
  vector<bool> primes(n+1, true);
  primes[0] = primes[1] = false;
  for (int i = 2; i <= sqrt(n); i++) {
    if (primes[i]) {
      for (int j = i * i; j <= n; j += i) {
        primes[j] = false;
      }
    }
  }
  return primes;
}

int count_set_bits(int n) {
  int count = 0;
  while (n > 0) {
    count += n % 2;
    n /= 2;
  }
  return count;
}

int count_prime_set_bits(int l, int r) {
  int max_bits = log2(r) + 1;
  vector<bool> primes = sieve_of_eratosthenes(max_bits);
  int count = 0;
  for (int i = l; i <= r; i++) {
    if (primes[count_set_bits(i)]) {
      count++;
    }
  }
  return count;
}

int main() {
  int l = 6;
  int r = 10;
  cout << count_prime_set_bits(l, r) << endl;
  return 0;
}

Java

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Main {

    // Function to implement Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm
    public static boolean[] sieveOfEratosthenes(int n) {
        boolean[] primes = new boolean[n + 1];
        Arrays.fill(primes, true);
        primes[0] = primes[1] = false;
        for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i++) {
            if (primes[i]) {
                for (int j = i * i; j <= n; j += i) {
                    primes[j] = false;
                }
            }
        }
        return primes;
    }

    // Function to count the number of set bits (1s) in binary representation of a number
    public static int countSetBits(int n) {
        int count = 0;
        while (n > 0) {
            count += n % 2;
            n /= 2;
        }
        return count;
    }

    // Function to count the number of prime set bits in a given range [l, r]
    public static int countPrimeSetBits(int l, int r) {
        int maxBits = (int) (Math.log(r) / Math.log(2)) + 1;
        boolean[] primes = sieveOfEratosthenes(maxBits);
        int count = 0;
        for (int i = l; i <= r; i++) {
            if (primes[countSetBits(i)]) {
                count++;
            }
        }
        return count;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int l = 6;
        int r = 10;
        System.out.println(countPrimeSetBits(l, r));
    }
}

Python3

from math import sqrt

def sieve_of_eratosthenes(n):
    primes = [True] * (n+1)
    primes[0] = primes[1] = False
    for i in range(2, int(sqrt(n))+1):
        if primes[i]:
            for j in range(i*i, n+1, i):
                primes[j] = False
    return primes

def count_set_bits(n):
    count = 0
    while n>0:
        count += n%2
        n //= 2
    return count

def count_prime_set_bits(l, r):
    max_bits = len(bin(r))-2
    primes = sieve_of_eratosthenes(max_bits)
    count = 0
    for i in range(l, r+1):
        if primes[count_set_bits(i)]:
            count += 1
    return count
l=6
r=10
print(count_prime_set_bits(l, r))

C#

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class Program
{
    // Function to implement Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm
    static List<bool> SieveOfEratosthenes(int n)
    {
        List<bool> primes = new List<bool>(n + 1);
        for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
            primes.Add(true);

        primes[0] = primes[1] = false;

        for (int i = 2; i <= Math.Sqrt(n); i++)
        {
            if (primes[i])
            {
                for (int j = i * i; j <= n; j += i)
                {
                    primes[j] = false;
                }
            }
        }

        return primes;
    }

    // Function to count the number of set bits in a binary representation
    static int CountSetBits(int n)
    {
        int count = 0;
        while (n > 0)
        {
            count += n % 2;
            n /= 2;
        }
        return count;
    }

    // Function to count the number of prime set bits within a range
    static int CountPrimeSetBits(int l, int r)
    {
        int maxBits = (int)Math.Log(r, 2) + 1;
        List<bool> primes = SieveOfEratosthenes(maxBits);

        int count = 0;
        for (int i = l; i <= r; i++)
        {
            if (primes[CountSetBits(i)])
            {
                count++;
            }
        }

        return count;
    }

    static void Main()
    {
        int l = 6;
        int r = 10;
        Console.WriteLine(CountPrimeSetBits(l, r));
    }
}

Javascript

// Function to apply the Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm to find prime numbers
function sieveOfEratosthenes(n) {
  const primes = new Array(n + 1).fill(true);
  primes[0] = primes[1] = false;
  for (let i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i++) {
    if (primes[i]) {
      for (let j = i * i; j <= n; j += i) {
        primes[j] = false;
      }
    }
  }
  return primes;
}

// Function to count the number of set bits (binary 1s) in a number
function countSetBits(n) {
  let count = 0;
  while (n > 0) {
    count += n % 2;
    n = Math.floor(n / 2);
  }
  return count;
}

// Function to count the prime set bits in a given range [l, r]
function countPrimeSetBits(l, r) {
  const maxBits = Math.floor(Math.log2(r) + 1);
  const primes = sieveOfEratosthenes(maxBits);
  let count = 0;
  for (let i = l; i <= r; i++) {
    if (primes[countSetBits(i)]) {
      count++;
    }
  }
  return count;
}

const l = 6;
const r = 10;
console.log(countPrimeSetBits(l, r));

Output

4

Time Complexity: O((r-l+1) * log log r), where log log r is the time complexity of sieve_of_eratosthenes.

Auxiliary Space: O(log log r)