Non-Traditional Notions| Class 12 Political Science Notes

Class 12 Political Science Notes Chapter 5 Non-Traditional Notions discusses that non-traditional security goes beyond military action and focuses on the other kinds of threats impacting human existence. The idea of global security emerged in the 1990s in response to the global nature of threats such as global warming, international terrorism, and health epidemics like AIDS bird flu, and so on. No country can resolve these problems alone. These problems are global, and international cooperation is vital, even though it is difficult to achieve.

In this article, we will look into the topic ‘Non-Traditional Notions’ in detail. It is an important topic in Class 12 Political Science. Students can go through this article to get comprehensive notes on the topic Class 12 Political Science Chapter 5 Non-Traditional Notions.

What is Global Security and Human Security?

Non-traditional views of security have been called ‘human security’ or ‘global security’. Human security is about the protection of people more than the protection of states. But secure states do not automatically mean secure people. The primary goal of human security is to protect individuals. Proponents (supporters) of the ‘narrow concept’ of human security focus on violent threats to individuals. On the other hand, proponents of the ‘broad concept’ of human security argue that the threat agenda should include hunger, disease, and natural disasters. In the last century, their governments have killed more people than foreign armies. It is security in a broad sense, including other forms of insecurity such as hunger, poverty, civil war, and so on.

Global security is a complex and multifaceted concept that includes a wide range of issues, from military threats to economic instability to environmental degradation. At its core, global security is about ensuring the safety and well-being of all people, regardless of their nationality or location.

Threats to Global Security

There are many different threats to global security, both traditional and non-traditional. Traditional threats include military aggression, terrorism, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Non-traditional threats include climate change, pandemics, and cyberattacks. The challenges of global security are compounded by the fact that they are often interconnected. For example, climate change can lead to conflict over resources, which can in turn lead to terrorism. Similarly, a cyberattack on a critical infrastructure could have devastating consequences for the global economy.

Despite the challenges, there are several things that can be done to promote global security. These include strengthening international cooperation, investing in conflict prevention, and addressing the root causes of instability. Global security is a complex and challenging issue, but it is one that we must address if we want to create a safer and more prosperous world for all.

Non-Traditional Notions

Non-traditional notions of security extend beyond military threats to include a wide range of threats and dangers affecting human existence. They question the traditional referent of security, which is the state with its territory and governing institutions. In non-traditional conceptions, the referent is expanded to include individuals, communities, and all of humankind. Human security focuses on the protection of people more than the protection of states, and secure states do not automatically mean secure peoples.

Proponents of human security agree that its primary goal is the protection of individuals, but there are differences about what threats individuals should be protected from. The ‘narrow’ concept focuses on violent threats to individuals, while the ‘broad’ concept includes hunger, disease, and natural disasters, as these kill more people than war, genocide, and terrorism combined. Human security policy should protect people from these threats as well as violence.

Global security emerged in the 1990s in response to global threats such as global war, international terrorism, and health epidemics like AIDS and bird flu. International cooperation is vital, even though it is difficult to achieve, as no country can resolve these problems alone.

Conclusion

In conclusion, non-traditional notions of security are those that go beyond the traditional focus on military threats to include a wide range of threats and dangers affecting the condition of human existence. They have been called “human security” or “global security” because they extend beyond the security of nations or communities to the security of all humanity. There are two main schools of thought on human security. The “narrow concept” focuses on violent threats to individuals, such as genocide, ethnic cleansing, and terrorism. The “broad concept” argues that the threat agenda should also include hunger, disease, and natural disasters.

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Non-Traditional Notions- FAQs

What is the focus of Chapter 5 of Class 12 Political Science?

The chapter explores non-traditional notions of security, encompassing a broad range of global challenges beyond military threats.

What are non-traditional security threats?

Non-traditional security threats include climate change, pandemics, cyberattacks, transnational crime, and resource scarcity.

How do non-traditional security threats differ from traditional threats?

Non-traditional threats originate from diverse sources, are often transnational in nature, and require collective responses beyond military means.

Why are non-traditional security threats gaining prominence?

Non-traditional threats pose significant risks to human security, economic stability, and global governance in an interconnected world.

How do states address non-traditional security threats?

States address non-traditional threats through international cooperation, policy coordination, and capacity-building initiatives.

What role does globalization play in non-traditional security challenges?

Globalization increases non-traditional security threats by facilitating the rapid spread of diseases, information, and illicit activities across borders.

How does addressing non-traditional security benefit states?

Addressing non-traditional security threats promotes stability, resilience, and sustainable development, benefiting both states and the international community.