NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Geography Social Science Chapter 4: Climate

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 on Climate are crafted to aid students in preparing for their CBSE exams. In the previous chapters, students have studied landforms and drainage patterns in our country, which are fundamental topics. Now, in Chapter 4 of NCERT Solutions, they will delve into the third aspect: atmospheric conditions. This chapter covers India’s climate, the factors influencing it, the Indian monsoon, its onset and retreat, the various seasons in India, and the distribution of rainfall. Students will encounter questions related to these themes in the exercise section. Answers to these exercise questions are provided in NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 on Climate.

In this article, we are going to discuss the NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Geography Social Science Chapter 4: Climate in detail.

NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Geography Social Science Chapter 4: Climate

NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Geography Social Science Chapter 4: Climate

Climate refers to the overall pattern of weather conditions and changes across a wide area for an extended period (more than thirty years). Weather describes the current state of the atmosphere over a particular area at any given time. The components of weather and climate are identical, namely temperature, air pressure, wind, moisture, and precipitation. Here are the explanations regarding this.

1. Choose the correct answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?

(a) Silchar

(b) Mawsynram

(c) Cherrapunji

(d) Guwahati

Answer:

Mawsynram

(ii) The wind blowing in the northern plains in summer is known as:

(a) Kaal Baisakhi

(b) Loo

(c) Trade Winds

(d) None of the above

Answer:

Loo

(iii) Which one of the following causes rainfall during winters in the northwestern part of India?

(a) Cyclonic depression

(b) Retreating monsoon

(c) Western disturbances

(d) Southwest monsoon

Answer:

Western disturbances

(iv) Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:

(a) Early May

(b) Early July

(c) Early June

(d) Early August

Answer:

Early June

(v) Which one of the following characterises the cold-weather season in India?

(a) Warm days and warm nights

(b) Warm days and cold nights

(c) Cool days and cold nights

(d) Cold days and warm nights

Answer:

Warm days and cold nights.

2. Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) What are the factors affecting the climate of India?

Answer:

The factors affecting the climate of India are

1. Latitude

2. Altitude

3. Pressure and Winds

(ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?

Answer:

The weather in India is known as the ‘monsoon’ type. Monsoon refers to the seasonal change in wind direction throughout the year. The monsoon weather pattern is marked by clear seasonal changes. Weather conditions significantly differ from one season to another, especially noticeable in inland areas. Coastal regions experience less temperature variation but differ in rainfall patterns. India has four main seasons – winter, summer, advancing monsoon, and retreating monsoon, with some regional differences. India’s climate is heavily influenced by monsoon winds. The monsoon typically lasts for 100-120 days, from early June to mid-September.

(iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why?

Answer:

The areas going through this occurrence are in the northwest part of India. The cause of this effect is the Thar desert. Additionally, this area lacks an ocean to moderate the temperature.

(iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar Coast?

Answer:

Southwest seasonal winds bring rain to the Malabar Coast.

(v) What are Jet streams, and how do they affect the climate of India?

Answer:

Jet Streams are thin bands of fast-moving winds high up in the sky (above 12,000 meters) in the troposphere. Their speed changes from around 110 kilometers per hour in summer to about 184 kilometers per hour in winter. There are several different jet streams recognized. The most consistent ones are the mid-latitude and subtropical jet streams. They lead to low-pressure systems during the monsoon season.

(vi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by “break” in monsoon?

Answer:

Interruptions in the monsoon are linked to the movement of the monsoon trough. Due to different factors, the trough and its central line keep shifting northwards or southwards, which affects how rainfall is spread out across regions. When the central line of the monsoon trough is over the plains, these areas receive plentiful rainfall. Conversely, when the central line moves nearer to the Himalayas, the plains experience extended periods of dry weather, while the mountainous areas along the Himalayan rivers receive widespread rainfall.

(vii) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?

Answer:

The connecting impact of the monsoon on the Indian subcontinent is easily noticeable. The seasonal change in wind patterns and associated weather conditions create a regular cycle of seasons. Even the unpredictability of rainfall and uneven spread are characteristic of the monsoon. The Indian landscape, its flora and fauna, its entire farming calendar, and the daily life of its people (including their celebrations) are centered around this occurrence. Every year, people across India, from north to south and from east to west, eagerly anticipate the onset of the monsoon. These monsoon winds link the entire country by supplying water to initiate agricultural activities. The river valleys that carry this water also merge into a single river valley system.

3. Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India?

Answer:

As they move in that direction, the winds lose the moisture content. Hence, the reason for the reduction in rainfall.

4. Give reasons as to why.

(i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent?

Answer:

1. Seasonal change in wind direction due to pressure difference.

2. El Nino plays a major role.

(ii) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.

Answer:

Rainfall is dependent on the South West Monsoon winds; it rapidly progresses and covers large swathes of the country by July.

(iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.

Answer:

It is because of North-East monsoon winds.

(iv) The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.

Answer:

The Bay of Bengal faces frequent pressure changes.

(v) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.

Answer:

Because they fall in the rain shadow region of the Aravali Mountains.

5. Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples

Answer:

• The chilly weather season starts around mid-November in northern India and continues until February.
• December and January are the coldest months up north.
• Temperatures decrease as you move from south to north. In Chennai, located on the eastern coast, the average temperature ranges from 24°-25° Celsius, while in the northern plains, it’s between 10°C and 15° Celsius.
• Days are warm, and nights are cold. Frost is usual in the north, and the higher slopes of the Himalayas get snowfall.
• By March, the highest temperature reaches about 38° Celsius, as recorded on the Deccan plateau. In April, temperatures in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh hover around 42° Celsius.
• In May, it’s common to have temperatures of 45° Celsius in the northwestern parts of the country. Peninsular India experiences lower temperatures due to the moderating effect of the oceans.

6. Discuss the mechanisms of the monsoon.

Answer: 

(a) The contrast in temperature between land and water causes a decrease in pressure over the landmass of India, while the surrounding seas experience higher pressure.

(b) The movement of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during summer across the Ganga Plain. (This is a region near the equator where winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge. It is also referred to as the monsoon trough during the monsoon season.)

(c) The existence of a region with high pressure, located east of Madagascar, approximately at 20°S in the Indian Ocean. The strength and location of this high-pressure area influence the Indian Monsoon.

(d) During summer, the Tibetan Plateau becomes intensely heated, leading to vigorous upward air currents and the creation of low pressure over the plateau at approximately 9 km above sea level.

(e) The movement of the westerly jet stream north of the Himalayas and the presence of the tropical easterly jet stream over the Indian peninsula during summer.

7. Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season.

Answer:

The cold season in northern India begins around mid-November and lasts till February. December and January are the coldest months. It gets colder as you move northward. For example, Chennai on the east coast has average temperatures between 24°-25° Celsius, while in the northern plains it’s around 10°C to 15°C. Days are warmer than nights, and frost is common in the north, with snowfall in the Himalayas. During this time, winds blow from land to sea, making it mostly dry across India. Some places like Tamil Nadu get a bit of rainfall from sea winds. In the north, light winds blow from a high-pressure area, bringing clear skies, low temperatures, and occasional rains from cyclones coming from the west. These rains are important for winter crops. The southern part of India doesn’t have a clear cold season due to the sea’s influence on temperatures.

8. Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India.

Answer:

The Monsoon, unlike steady winds such as the trades, is not consistent but fluctuates in nature, influenced by various atmospheric conditions it encounters over the warm tropical seas. It typically lasts between 100-120 days, from early June to mid-September. When it arrives, rainfall suddenly increases and continues steadily for several days. This sudden increase is called the ‘burst’ of the monsoon and is distinguishable from pre-monsoon showers. The monsoon usually arrives at the southern tip of the Indian peninsula around the first week of June. Then, it splits into two branches: one over the Arabian Sea and the other over the Bay of Bengal. The Arabian Sea branch reaches Mumbai around June 10th, and the Bay of Bengal branch reaches Assam in the first week of June. The tall mountains cause the monsoon winds to change direction over the Ganga Plains, moving westward. By mid-June, the Arabian Sea branch reaches Saurashtra-Kachchh and the central part of the country. The Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal branches of the monsoon merge over the northwestern part of the Ganga Plains. Delhi usually receives monsoon showers from the Bay of Bengal branch around June 29th. By the first week of July, regions like western Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, and eastern Rajasthan experience the monsoon. By mid-July, the monsoon reaches Himachal Pradesh and the rest of the country.

Climate Summary

Chapter 4 – Climate of NCERT Geography Class 9 discusses one of the crucial elements for human existence, which is climate. The climatic circumstances of a region determine the way of life for its inhabitants. Climate refers to the overall weather patterns and changes across a wide area over an extended period (typically more than thirty years). Weather, on the other hand, describes the atmospheric conditions at a specific location and time.

Students will also explore the different factors influencing a country’s climate. Here are two significant topics covered in this chapter:

1. Climatic Control

2. Factors affecting India’s Climate

1. Latitude
2. Altitude
3. Pressure and Wind

3. Indian Monsoon

4. The Seasons

1. Cold Weather Season
2. Hot Weather Season
3. Rainy Season
4. Retreating/Post Monsoon

5. Distribution of Rainfall

NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Geography Social Science Chapter 4: Climate- FAQs

What is climate class 9 geography chapter 4?

Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than thirty years). Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.

What is climate question and answer?

Climate is the composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, such as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years.

What is the climate of India Class 9 geography?

India has a monsoon type of climate which is characterised by seasonal reversal of winds which bring rain to the Indian subcontinent. This type of weather is common is south and southeast Asia. The apparent shifting of sun due to earth’s tilt results in differential heating and precipitation across latitudes.

What is the short note of climate?

Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to month or even year-to-year. A region’s weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate.

What is a climate class 9?

Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than thirty years). Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.

What are the key points of climate?

Climate indicates the average weather condition of the country of a particular place for more than 30 years. The factors which characterise the climate are temperature, wind, air pressure, precipitation, humidity, and many more.