NCERT Solutions Class 8 Geography Social Science Chapter 4 Industries

NCERT Solutions Class 8 Geography Social Science Chapter 4 Industries– This article includes free NCERT Solutions Class 8 Geography Social Science Chapter 4: Industries to help students of Class 8 learn the solutions and ace their exams.

It has been developed by the subject matter experts at GFG, according to the latest CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, and guidelines to help the students of Class 8 create a solid conceptual base for Class 8 Geography Social Science Chapter 4: Industries.

The solutions to all the exercises in Class 8 Geography Social Science Chapter 4 Industries of your NCERT textbook have been collectively covered in NCERT Solutions Class 8 Social Science.

NCERT Solutions Class 8 Geography Social Science Chapter 4 Industries

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Industries

The solutions for Chapter 4 Industries are provided below, and students can refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 8 for other subjects as well.

Exercise Page No 41

1. Answer the following questions.

(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?

Answer:

The term “industry” refers to economic activity that involves the production of goods, extraction of minerals, or the provision of services. For example, the iron and steel industry produces goods, the coal mining industry extracts minerals, and the tourism industry provides services. Industries can be classified on the basis of raw materials, size and ownership.

• On the basis of Raw material: Divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors, depending on the source and nature of inputs.
• On the basis of Size: Divided into small-scale, medium-scale, and large-scale industries, depending on workforce and production capacity.
• On the basis of Ownership: Divided into public, private, and cooperative sectors depending on the ownership and management control.

(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?

Answer:

The location of an industry is influenced by many factors, including geographical and non-geographical factors. The most important factors are: are the availability of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport and market.

1. Raw Material: Industries need materials to make products. They choose places where these materials are easy to find, like near forests for wood or mines for minerals.
2. Land: Industries need space to build factories and warehouses. They look for places with enough land that are also safe and suitable for construction.
3. Water: Many industries need water for their processes, like in making drinks or cooling machines. They prefer areas with access to clean and abundant water sources.
4. Labour: Industries require people to work for them. They choose places where there are enough skilled workers available to hire.
5. Power: Industries need electricity to run machines and equipment. They prefer locations with reliable power sources to avoid interruptions in production.
6. Capital: Industries require money to start and grow. They look for places where they can easily get loans or investments to fund their operations.
7. Transport: Industries need to move their products to markets. They prefer areas with good transportation systems, like roads, railways, or ports, for easy movement of goods.
8. Market: Industries want to sell their products where there are many buyers. They choose locations close to areas with high demand for what they produce.

The location of an industry is where all of these factors are easily available. For example, the automobile industry developed in Detroit, Michigan, due to its proximity to raw materials like iron and coal and the Great Lakes waterway, which facilitated transportation.

(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?

Answer:

The iron and steel industry is often called the backbone of modern industry because almost everything we use is made of iron or steel, or has been made with the tools and machinery of these metals. For example, ships, trains, trucks, and autos are made largely of steel. Even the safety pins and the needles you use are made from steel. Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery and steel pipelines transport oil.

The iron and steel industry is important for the growth and development of modern civilization because it has strong linkages with other sectors of the economy. The steel industry is basically the feeder industry, whose products are the raw materials for other industries.The production and consumption of iron and steel are one of the most significant measures of the level of industrialization and economic growth of a country.

India has developed its iron and steel industry taking advantage of market, transport, and cheap labor. The most important steel producing centers in India are spread over four states – Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) Fort Gloster is located in

(a) West Bengal

(b) California

(c) Gujarat

Answer: 

(a) West Bengal

(ii) Which one of the following is a natural fiber?

(a) nylon

(b) jute

(c) acrylic

Answer:

(b) Jute

3. Distinguish between the following.

(i) Agro-based and mineral based industry

Answer:

Differences between Agro-based and mineral based industry are:

Features	Agro-based Industry	Mineral-based Industry
Raw Material	Utilizes agricultural products as raw materials	Depends on minerals and ores as raw materials
Examples	Food processing (e.g., milling, refining)	Mining (e.g., coal mining, metal extraction)
Dependence on Nature	Highly dependent on seasonal and weather factors.	Less influenced by seasonal changes.
Processing Techniques	Involves various processing methods (e.g., drying, milling).	Often involves extraction and refining processes.
Geographic Location	Often located close to agricultural regions.	Can be located near mineral deposits or mining sites.
Employment Opportunities	Provides employment in farming, processing, and related sectors.	Employment opportunities in mining, refining, and associated industries.
Environmental Impact	Concerns include land use, water consumption, and pesticide use.	Environmental concerns related to mining practices, waste management, and habitat disruption.
Economic Contribution	Contributes to agricultural value chain and rural economy.	Contributes to industrialization and export earnings.
Product Diversity	Produces a wide range of food and agricultural products.	Produces various minerals used in construction, manufacturing, and energy production.

(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry

Answer:

Difference between Public sector and joint sector industry are:

Features	Public Sector Industry	Joint Sector Industry
Ownership	Owned and operated by the government.	Ownership shared between government and private entities.
Investment	Funding primarily comes from government sources.	Funding comes from both government and private investors.
Control	Controlled and managed by government authorities.	Control shared between government and private investors.
Decision Making	Decision-making centralized.	Decision-making may involve both government and private stakeholders.
Profit Distribution	Profits often reinvested or used for public welfare.	Profits distributed among shareholders, including government.
Accountability	Subject to government regulations and oversight.	Subject to both government and private sector regulations.
Risk Sharing	Government bears significant risk.	Risks shared between government and private investors.
Strategic Importance	Often involved in strategic sectors like defense, infrastructure.	May be involved in various industries depending on joint venture agreements.

3. Give two examples of the following in the space provided:

(i) Raw Materials: ____ and _____

Answer:

Raw Materials: Iron Ore and Cotton Fibre.

(ii) End products: ____and ____

Answer:

End products: Automobiles and Television sets.

(iii) Tertiary Activities: _____ and ____

Answer:

Tertiary Activities: Transportation (e.g., airlines, railways) and Education (e.g., schools, universities).

(iv) Agro-based Industries: _____and _____

Answer:

Agro-based Industries: Sugar refineries and Dairy processing plants.

(v) Cottage Industries: _____and ______

Answer:

Cottage Industries: Handloom weaving and Pottery making.

(vi) Co-operatives: _______ and _______

Answer:

Co-operatives: Agricultural co-operatives (e.g., farmer co-operatives) and Consumer co-operatives (e.g., retail co-operatives).

Chapter 4 – Industries Summary

Chapter 4 focuses on industries, covering aspects such as industrialization, manufacturing processes, and economic development. It explores the significance of industries in generating employment, promoting economic growth, and fostering innovation. The chapter discusses various types of industries, including primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. It addresses challenges faced by industries, such as environmental pollution, resource depletion, and labor issues. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable industrial practices for environmental conservation and social welfare. The chapter also highlights the role of government policies, technological advancements, and international trade in shaping industrial development.

Important Topics Discussed in the Chapter

Important topics discussed in the chapter are:

• Classification of Industries in India
• Classification of Industries on the Basis of Size
• Classify Industries on the Basis of Ownership 
• Types of Industries- Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
• Importance of Manufacturing Industries
• Important Industries In The World

FAQs on NCERT Solution for Class 8 Geography Chapter 4: Industries

What is an industry Class 8 very short answer?

An industry is an economic activity that involves the production of goods, the extraction of minerals, or the provision of services.

What are the factors behind the growth of IT industry Class 8?

The growth of the Information Technology (IT) industry in India is due to a combination of factors, including liberalization of the economy, skilled labour, strong education system, government support and cost-effective labor.

Which industry is called basic or key industry class 8?

The iron and steel industry is a basic industry because its products are used by many other industries. It is also called a heavy industry because its raw materials are bulky.

Why is industry important class 8?

Industry is important because it drives economic growth, creates employment opportunities, and produces goods and services essential for societal development.

Which industry is known as the sunrise industry?

The information technology (IT) industry is considered a sunrise industry.