Find maximum power of a number that divides a factorial

Given two numbers, fact and n, find the largest power of n that divides fact! (Factorial of fact).

Examples:

Input : fact = 5, n = 2
Output : 3
Value of 5! is 120. The largest power
of 2 that divides 120 is 8 (or 2³

Input : fact = 146, n = 15
Output : 35

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

The idea is based on Legendre’s formula which finds largest power of a prime number that divides fact!. We find all prime factors of n. For every prime factor we find largest power of it that divides fact!. Finally we return minimum of all found powers.
Illustration :

fact = 146, n=15
First find the prime factor of 15 that are 3 
and 5 then first divide with 3 and add i.e.

Applying Legendre’s formula for prime
factor 3.
[146/3]+[48/3]+[16/3]+[5/3]+[1/3] = 70
   48  +   16  +  5  +  1  +  0   = 70
There is 70 is maximum power of 3 prime number.
146! is divisible by 3^70 which is maximum. 

Applying Legendre’s formula for prime
factor 5.
[146/5]+[29/5]+[5/5]+[1/5] = 35
   29  +   5  +  1  +  0   = 35
There is 35 is maximum power of 5 prime
number.

Minimum of two powers is 35 which is our answer.

Note : If multiple powers of a prime factor are present in n, then we divide the count to get the maximum power value for this factor.

C++

// CPP program to find largest power of  
// a number (which may be composite) that 
// divides factorial. 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// for find maximum power of prime number  
// p which can divide fact number 
int findPowerPrime(int fact, int p) 
{ 
    int res = 0; 
    while (fact > 0) {         
        res += fact / p; 
        fact /= p; 
    } 
  
    return res; 
} 
  
// Returns sum of all factors of n. 
int findPowerComposite(int fact, int n) 
{ 
    // To store result (minimum power of a  
    // prime factor that divides fact! ) 
    int res = INT_MAX; 
  
    // Traverse through all prime factors 
    // of n. 
    for (int i = 2; i <= sqrt(n); i++) {         
  
        // counter for count the 
        // power of prime number 
        int count = 0; 
        if (n % i == 0) { 
            count++; 
            n = n / i; 
        } 
  
        if (count > 0) { 
  
            // Maximum power of i that divides  
            // fact!. We divide by count to handle 
            // multiple occurrences of a prime factor. 
            int curr_pow = findPowerPrime(fact, i) /  
                                            count; 
            res = min(res, curr_pow); 
         } 
    } 
  
    // This condition is to handle 
    // the case when n is a prime 
    // number greater than 2. 
    if (n >= 2) { 
        int curr_pow  = findPowerPrime(fact, n); 
        res = min(res, curr_pow); 
    } 
  
    return res; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    int fact = 146, n = 5; 
    cout << findPowerComposite(fact, n); 
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to find largest power of  
// a number (which may be composite) that 
// divides factorial. 
class GFG { 
  
// for find maximum power of prime number  
// p which can divide fact number 
static int findPowerPrime(int fact, int p) 
{ 
    int res = 0; 
    while (fact > 0) {      
        res += fact / p; 
        fact /= p; 
    } 
  
    return res; 
} 
  
// Returns sum of all factors of n. 
static int findPowerComposite(int fact, int n) 
{ 
    // To store result (minimum power of a  
    // prime factor that divides fact! ) 
    int res = Integer.MAX_VALUE; 
  
    // Traverse through all prime factors 
    // of n. 
    for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i++) {      
  
        // counter for count the 
        // power of prime number 
        int count = 0; 
        if (n % i == 0) { 
            count++; 
            n = n / i; 
        } 
  
        if (count > 0) { 
  
            // Maximum power of i that divides  
            // fact!. We divide by count to 
            // handle multiple occurrences of 
            // a prime factor. 
            int curr_pow = findPowerPrime(fact, i) / count; 
            res = Math.min(res, curr_pow); 
        } 
    } 
  
    // This condition is to handle 
    // the case when n is a prime 
    // number greater than 2. 
    if (n >= 2) { 
        int curr_pow = findPowerPrime(fact, n); 
        res = Math.min(res, curr_pow); 
    } 
  
    return res; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
public static void main(String[] args) 
{ 
    int fact = 146, n = 5; 
    System.out.println(findPowerComposite(fact, n)); 
} 
} 
 // This code is contributed by prerna saini  

Python3

# Python program to find largest power of  
# a number (which may be composite) that 
# divides factorial. 
import math 
  
# For find maximum power of prime number  
# p which can divide fact number 
def findPowerPrime(fact, p): 
    res = 0
    while fact:      
        res += fact // p 
        fact //= p 
  
    return res 
  
# Returns sum of all factors of n 
def findPowerComposite(fact, n): 
      
    # To store result (minimum power of a  
    # prime factor that divides fact! ) 
    res = math.inf 
  
    # Traverse through all prime factors 
    # of n. 
    for i in range(2, int(n**0.5) + 1):  
  
        # Counter for count the 
        # power of prime number 
        count = 0
        if not n % i: 
            count += 1
            n = n // i 
  
        if count: 
  
            # Maximum power of i that divides  
            # fact!. We divide by count to handle 
            # multiple occurrences of a prime factor. 
            curr_pow = findPowerPrime(fact, i) // count 
            res = min(res, curr_pow) 
  
    # This condition is to handle 
    # the case when n is a prime 
    # number greater than 2. 
    if n >= 2: 
        curr_pow = findPowerPrime(fact, n) 
        res = min(res, curr_pow) 
  
    return res 
  
  
# Driver code 
  
fact = 146; n = 5
print(findPowerComposite(fact, n)) 
  
  
# This code is contributed by Ansu Kumari 

C#

// C# program to find largest power of  
// a number (which may be composite) that 
// divides factorial. 
using System; 
  
class GFG { 
  
    // for find maximum power of prime number  
    // p which can divide fact number 
    static int findPowerPrime(int fact, int p) 
    { 
        int res = 0; 
        while (fact > 0) {  
            res += fact / p; 
            fact /= p; 
        } 
      
        return res; 
    } 
      
    // Returns sum of all factors of n. 
    static int findPowerComposite(int fact, int n) 
    { 
        // To store result (minimum power of a  
        // prime factor that divides fact! ) 
        int res = int.MaxValue; 
      
        // Traverse through all prime factors 
        // of n. 
        for (int i = 2; i <= Math.Sqrt(n); i++) {      
      
            // counter for count the 
            // power of prime number 
            int count = 0; 
            if (n % i == 0) { 
                count++; 
                n = n / i; 
            } 
      
            if (count > 0) { 
      
                // Maximum power of i that divides  
                // fact!. We divide by count to 
                // handle multiple occurrences of 
                // a prime factor. 
                int curr_pow = findPowerPrime(fact, i) / count; 
                res = Math.Min(res, curr_pow); 
            } 
        } 
      
        // This condition is to handle 
        // the case when n is a prime 
        // number greater than 2. 
        if (n >= 2) { 
            int curr_pow = findPowerPrime(fact, n); 
            res = Math.Min(res, curr_pow); 
        } 
      
        return res; 
    } 
      
    // Driver code 
    public static void Main() 
    { 
        int fact = 146, n = 5; 
        Console.WriteLine(findPowerComposite(fact, n)); 
    } 
} 
// This code is contributed by vt_m 

PHP

<?php 
// PHP program to find largest  
// power of a number (which  
// may be composite) that 
// divides factorial. 
    
// for find maximum power  
// of prime number p which 
// can divide fact number 
function findPowerPrime($fact, $p) 
{ 
    $res = 0; 
    while ($fact > 0)  
    {         
        $res += intval($fact / $p); 
        $fact = intval($fact / $p); 
    }  
    return $res; 
} 
    
// Returns sum of 
// all factors of n. 
function findPowerComposite($fact, $n) 
{ 
    // To store result (minimum  
    // power of a prime factor  
    // that divides fact! ) 
    $res = PHP_INT_MAX; 
    
    // Traverse through all  
    // prime factors of n. 
    for ($i = 2; 
         $i <= sqrt($n); $i++)  
    {         
    
        // counter for count the 
        // power of prime number 
        $count = 0; 
        if ($n % $i == 0) 
        { 
            $count++; 
            $n = intval($n / $i); 
        } 
    
        if ($count > 0)  
        { 
    
            // Maximum power of i  
            // that divides fact!.  
            // We divide by count  
            // to handle multiple  
            // occurrences of a 
            // prime factor. 
            $curr_pow = intval(findPowerPrime( 
                               $fact, $i) / $count); 
            $res = min($res, $curr_pow); 
         } 
    } 
    
    // This condition is to 
    // handle the case when  
    // n is a prime number  
    // greater than 2. 
    if ($n >= 2) 
    { 
        $curr_pow  = findPowerPrime($fact, $n); 
        $res = min($res, $curr_pow); 
    } 
    return $res; 
} 
    
// Driver code 
$fact = 146; $n = 5; 
echo (findPowerComposite($fact, $n)); 
  
// This code is contributed by  
// Manish Shaw(manishshaw1) 
?> 

Output:

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My Personal Notes

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

Java

Python3

C#

PHP

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