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Find a pair from the given array with maximum nCr value

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Given an array arr[] of n positive integers. The task is to find elements arr[i] and arr[j] from the array such that arr[i]Carr[j] is maximum possible. In case of more than 1 valid pairs, print any one of them.
Examples: 

Input: arr[] = {3, 1, 2} 
Output: 3 2 
3C1 = 3 
3C2 = 3 
2C1 = 2 
(3, 1) and (3, 2) are the only pairs with maximum nCr.
Input: arr[] = {9, 2, 4, 11, 6} 
Output: 11 6 

Approach Name: Maximum nCr Value Pair

Steps:

  1. Sort the array in non-increasing order.
  2. Take the first two elements of the sorted array and calculate their nCr value.
  3. Iterate through the rest of the array and for each element, calculate its nCr value with the first element and the nCr value with the second element.
  4. If the nCr value with the first element is greater than the nCr value with the second element, check if the nCr value with this element is greater than the nCr value of the current maximum pair. If it is, update the maximum pair.
  5. If the nCr value with the second element is greater than the nCr value with the first element, check if the nCr value with this element is greater than the nCr value of the current maximum pair. If it is, update the maximum pair.
  6. Return the maximum pair.

C++




#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
 
ll nCr(ll n, ll r) {
    if (r > n - r)
        r = n - r;
    ll ans = 1;
    for (ll i = 1; i <= r; i++) {
        ans *= n - r + i;
        ans /= i;
    }
    return ans;
}
 
pair<ll, ll> max_nCr_value(vector<ll> arr) {
    sort(arr.begin(), arr.end(), greater<ll>());
    pair<ll, ll> max_pair;
    ll max_val = INT_MIN;
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {
        for (int j = i + 1; j < arr.size(); j++) {
            ll val = nCr(arr[i], arr[j]);
            if (val > max_val) {
                max_val = val;
                max_pair = {arr[i], arr[j]};
            }
        }
    }
    return max_pair;
}
 
int main() {
    vector<ll> arr = {9, 2, 4, 11, 6};
    pair<ll, ll> ans = max_nCr_value(arr);
    cout << ans.first << " " << ans.second << endl;
    return 0;
}


Java




import java.util.Arrays;
 
public class MaxNcrValue {
 
    // Function to calculate the value of nCr (binomial coefficient)
    public static long nCr(int n, int r) {
        if (r > n - r) {
            r = n - r;
        }
        long ans = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= r; i++) {
            ans *= n - r + i;
            ans /= i;
        }
        return ans;
    }
 
    // Function to find the pair with the maximum nCr value
    public static int[] maxNcrValue(int[] arr) {
        // Sort the array in descending order
        Arrays.sort(arr);
        reverseArray(arr);
 
        int[] maxPair = new int[2];
        long maxVal = Long.MIN_VALUE;
 
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            for (int j = i + 1; j < arr.length; j++) {
                long val = nCr(arr[i], arr[j]);
                if (val > maxVal) {
                    maxVal = val;
                    maxPair[0] = arr[i];
                    maxPair[1] = arr[j];
                }
            }
        }
        return maxPair;
    }
 
    // Helper function to reverse an array
    public static void reverseArray(int[] arr) {
        int left = 0;
        int right = arr.length - 1;
        while (left < right) {
            int temp = arr[left];
            arr[left] = arr[right];
            arr[right] = temp;
            left++;
            right--;
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {9, 2, 4, 11, 6};
        int[] ans = maxNcrValue(arr);
        System.out.println(ans[0] + " " + ans[1]);
    }
}


Python3




import math
 
def nCr(n, r):
    if r > n - r:
        r = n - r
    ans = 1
    for i in range(1, r+1):
        ans *= n - r + i
        ans //= i
    return ans
 
def max_nCr_value(arr):
    arr = sorted(arr, reverse=True)
    max_pair = None
    max_val = -math.inf
    for i in range(len(arr)):
        for j in range(i+1, len(arr)):
            val = nCr(arr[i], arr[j])
            if val > max_val:
                max_val = val
                max_pair = (arr[i], arr[j])
    return max_pair
 
arr = [9, 2, 4, 11, 6]
ans = max_nCr_value(arr)
print(ans[0], ans[1])


C#




using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG
{
    static long nCr(long n, long r)
    {
        if (r > n - r)
            r = n - r;
        long ans = 1;
        for (long i = 1; i <= r; i++)
        {
            ans *= n - r + i;
            ans /= i;
        }
        return ans;
    }
 
    static Tuple<long, long> max_nCr_value(List<long> arr)
    {
        arr.Sort((a, b) => b.CompareTo(a)); // Sort the array in descending order
        Tuple<long, long> max_pair = new Tuple<long, long>(0, 0);
        long max_val = int.MinValue;
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.Count; i++)
        {
            for (int j = i + 1; j < arr.Count; j++)
            {
                long val = nCr(arr[i], arr[j]);
                if (val > max_val)
                {
                    max_val = val;
                    max_pair = new Tuple<long, long>(arr[i], arr[j]);
                }
            }
        }
        return max_pair;
    }
 
    static void Main()
    {
        List<long> arr = new List<long> { 9, 2, 4, 11, 6 };
        Tuple<long, long> ans = max_nCr_value(arr);
        Console.WriteLine(ans.Item1 + " " + ans.Item2);
    }
}


Javascript




// Function to calculate nCr (binomial coefficient) using Pascal's triangle method
function nCr(n, r) {
  // To optimize calculation, choose the smaller value between r and n-r
  if (r > n - r) {
    r = n - r;
  }
 
  let ans = 1;
 
  // Calculate the binomial coefficient
  for (let i = 1; i <= r; i++) {
    ans *= n - r + i;
    ans /= i;
  }
 
  return ans;
}
 
// Function to find the maximum value of nCr for any pair of elements in the array
function max_nCr_value(arr) {
  // Sort the array in descending order
  arr.sort(function(a, b) {
    return b - a;
  });
 
  let max_pair = null;
  let max_val = -Infinity;
 
  // Loop through the array to find the maximum nCr value and the corresponding pair
  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
    for (let j = i + 1; j < arr.length; j++) {
      let val = nCr(arr[i], arr[j]);
 
      // Update the maximum value and the pair if a larger nCr value is found
      if (val > max_val) {
        max_val = val;
        max_pair = [arr[i], arr[j]];
      }
    }
  }
 
  return max_pair;
}
 
// Test the function with an example array
let arr = [9, 2, 4, 11, 6];
let ans = max_nCr_value(arr);
 
// Print the results
console.log("Maximum nCr value:", nCr(ans[0], ans[1]));
console.log("Pair:", ans[0], ans[1]);


Output

11 6






 the time complexity: O(n^2), 
 space complexity is O(1).

Approach: nCr is a monotonic increasing function, that is n + 1Cr > nCr. We can use this fact to get close to our answer, we will choose the max n among all the given integers. This way we fixed the value of n
Now, we have to look for r. Since we know that nCr = nCn – r, it means nCr will first reach its maxima and then decrease.
If n is be odd, then our maxima will occur at n / 2 and n / 2 + 1
For n = 11, we will get the maxima at 11C5 and 11C6.
When n is even, then our maxima will occur at n / 2.
Below is the implementation of the above approach: 
 

C++




// C++ implementation of the approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to print the pair that gives maximum nCr
void printMaxValPair(vector<long long>& v, int n)
{
    sort(v.begin(), v.end());
 
    // This gives the value of N in nCr
    long long N = v[n - 1];
 
    // Case 1 : When N is odd
    if (N % 2 == 1) {
        long long first_maxima = N / 2;
        long long second_maxima = first_maxima + 1;
        long long ans1 = 3e18, ans2 = 3e18;
        long long from_left = -1, from_right = -1;
        long long from = -1;
        for (long long i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (v[i] > first_maxima) {
                from = i;
                break;
            }
            else {
                long long diff = first_maxima - v[i];
                if (diff < ans1) {
                    ans1 = diff;
                    from_left = v[i];
                }
            }
        }
        from_right = v[from];
        long long diff1 = first_maxima - from_left;
        long long diff2 = from_right - second_maxima;
 
        if (diff1 < diff2)
            cout << N << " " << from_left;
        else
            cout << N << " " << from_right;
    }
 
    // Case 2 : When N is even
    else {
        long long maxima = N / 2;
        long long ans1 = 3e18;
        long long R = -1;
        for (long long i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
            long long diff = abs(v[i] - maxima);
            if (diff < ans1) {
                ans1 = diff;
                R = v[i];
            }
        }
        cout << N << " " << R;
    }
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    vector<long long> v = { 1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 1 };
    int n = v.size();
    printMaxValPair(v, n);
 
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java implementation of the approach
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG
{
 
// Function to print the pair that gives maximum nCr
static void printMaxValPair(Vector<Long> v, int n)
{
    Collections.sort(v);
 
    // This gives the value of N in nCr
    long N = v.get((int)n - 1);
 
    // Case 1 : When N is odd
    if (N % 2 == 1)
    {
        long first_maxima = N / 2;
        long second_maxima = first_maxima + 1;
        long ans1 =(long) 3e18, ans2 = (long)3e18;
        long from_left = -1, from_right = -1;
        long from = -1;
        for (long i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        {
            if (v.get((int)i) > first_maxima)
            {
                from = i;
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                long diff = first_maxima - v.get((int)i);
                if (diff < ans1)
                {
                    ans1 = diff;
                    from_left = v.get((int)i);
                }
            }
        }
        from_right = v.get((int)from);
        long diff1 = first_maxima - from_left;
        long diff2 = from_right - second_maxima;
 
        if (diff1 < diff2)
            System.out.println( N + " " + from_left);
        else
            System.out.println( N + " " + from_right);
    }
 
    // Case 2 : When N is even
    else
    {
        long maxima = N / 2;
        long ans1 =(int) 3e18;
        long R = -1;
        for (long i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i)
        {
            long diff = Math.abs(v.get((int)i) - maxima);
             
            if (diff < ans1)
            {
                ans1 = diff;
                R = v.get((int)i);
            }
        }
        System.out.println( N + " " + R);
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String args[])
{
    long arr[] = { 1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 1};
    Vector<Long> v = new Vector<Long>( );
     
    for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
    v.add(arr[i]);
     
    int n = v.size();
    printMaxValPair(v, n);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu


Python3




# Python3 implementation of the approach
 
# Function to print the pair that
# gives maximum nCr
def printMaxValPair(v, n):
 
    v.sort()
 
    # This gives the value of N in nCr
    N = v[n - 1]
 
    # Case 1 : When N is odd
    if N % 2 == 1:
        first_maxima = N // 2
        second_maxima = first_maxima + 1
        ans1, ans2 = 3 * (10 ** 18), 3 * (10 ** 18)
        from_left, from_right = -1, -1
        _from = -1
        for i in range(0, n):
            if v[i] > first_maxima:
                _from = i
                break
             
            else:
                diff = first_maxima - v[i]
                if diff < ans1:
                    ans1 = diff
                    from_left = v[i]
                 
        from_right = v[_from]
        diff1 = first_maxima - from_left
        diff2 = from_right - second_maxima
 
        if diff1 < diff2:
            print(N, from_left)
        else:
            print(N, from_right)
 
    # Case 2 : When N is even
    else:
        maxima = N // 2
        ans1 = 3 * (10 ** 18)
        R = -1
        for i in range(0, n - 1):
            diff = abs(v[i] - maxima)
            if diff < ans1:
                ans1 = diff
                R = v[i]
             
        print(N, R)
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == "__main__":
 
    v = [1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 1]
    n = len(v)
    printMaxValPair(v, n)
 
# This code is contributed by
# Rituraj Jain


C#




// C# implementation of the approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG
{
 
// Function to print the pair that gives maximum nCr
static void printMaxValPair(List<long> v, int n)
{
    v.Sort();
 
    // This gives the value of N in nCr
    long N = v[(int)n - 1];
 
    // Case 1 : When N is odd
    if (N % 2 == 1)
    {
        long first_maxima = N / 2;
        long second_maxima = first_maxima + 1;
        long ans1 = (long) 3e18, ans2 = (long)3e18;
        long from_left = -1, from_right = -1;
        long from = -1;
        for (long i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        {
            if (v[(int)i] > first_maxima)
            {
                from = i;
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                long diff = first_maxima - v[(int)i];
                if (diff < ans1)
                {
                    ans1 = diff;
                    from_left = v[(int)i];
                }
            }
        }
        from_right = v[(int)from];
        long diff1 = first_maxima - from_left;
        long diff2 = from_right - second_maxima;
 
        if (diff1 < diff2)
            Console.WriteLine( N + " " + from_left);
        else
            Console.WriteLine( N + " " + from_right);
    }
 
    // Case 2 : When N is even
    else
    {
        long maxima = N / 2;
        long ans1 = (long)3e18;
        long R = -1;
        for (long i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i)
        {
            long diff = Math.Abs(v[(int)i] - maxima);
             
            if (diff < ans1)
            {
                ans1 = diff;
                R = v[(int)i];
            }
        }
        Console.WriteLine( N + " " + R);
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main(String []args)
{
    long []arr = { 1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 1};
    List<long> v = new List<long>( );
     
    for(int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
    v.Add(arr[i]);
     
    int n = v.Count;
    printMaxValPair(v, n);
}
}
 
// This code contributed by Rajput-Ji


Javascript




<script>
  
// Javascript implementation of the approach
 
// Function to print the pair that gives maximum nCr
function printMaxValPair(v,  n)
{
    v.sort((a,b)=>a-b)
 
    // This gives the value of N in nCr
    var N = v[n - 1];
 
    // Case 1 : When N is odd
    if (N % 2 == 1) {
        var first_maxima = N / 2;
        var second_maxima = first_maxima + 1;
        var ans1 = 3000000000000000000, ans2 = 3000000000000000000;
        var from_left = -1, from_right = -1;
        var from = -1;
        for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (v[i] > first_maxima) {
                from = i;
                break;
            }
            else {
                var diff = first_maxima - v[i];
                if (diff < ans1) {
                    ans1 = diff;
                    from_left = v[i];
                }
            }
        }
        from_right = v[from];
        var diff1 = first_maxima - from_left;
        var diff2 = from_right - second_maxima;
 
        if (diff1 < diff2)
            document.write( N + " " + from_left);
        else
            document.write( N + " " + from_right);
    }
 
    // Case 2 : When N is even
    else {
        var maxima = parseInt(N / 2);
        var ans1 = 3000000000000000000;
        var R = -1;
        for (var i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
            var diff = Math.abs(v[i] - maxima);
            if (diff < ans1) {
                ans1 = diff;
                R = v[i];
            }
        }
        document.write( N + " " + R);
    }
}
 
// Driver code
var v = [1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 1 ];
var n = v.length;
printMaxValPair(v, n);
 
// This code is contributed by famously.
</script>


PHP




<?php
// PHP implementation of the approach
 
// Function to print the pair that
// gives maximum nCr
function printMaxValPair($v, $n)
{
    sort($v);
 
    // This gives the value of N in nCr
    $N = $v[$n - 1];
 
    // Case 1 : When N is odd
    if ($N % 2 == 1)
    {
        $first_maxima = $N / 2;
        $second_maxima = $first_maxima + 1;
        $ans1 = 3e18;
        $ans2 = 3e18;
        $from_left = -1;
        $from_right = -1;
        $from = -1;
        for ($i = 0; $i < $n; ++$i)
        {
            if ($v[$i] > $first_maxima)
            {
                $from = $i;
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                $diff = $first_maxima - $v[$i];
                if ($diff < $ans1)
                {
                    $ans1 = $diff;
                    $from_left = $v[$i];
                }
            }
        }
        $from_right = $v[$from];
        $diff1 = $first_maxima - $from_left;
        $diff2 = $from_right - $second_maxima;
 
        if ($diff1 < $diff2)
            echo $N . " " . $from_left;
        else
            echo $N . " " . $from_right;
    }
 
    // Case 2 : When N is even
    else
    {
        $maxima = $N / 2;
        $ans1 = 3e18;
        $R = -1;
        for ($i = 0; $i < $n - 1; ++$i)
        {
            $diff = abs($v[$i] - $maxima);
            if ($diff < $ans1)
            {
                $ans1 = $diff;
                $R = $v[$i];
            }
        }
        echo $N . " " . $R;
    }
}
 
// Driver code
$v = array( 1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 1 );
$n = count($v);
printMaxValPair($v, $n);
 
// This code is contributed by mits
?>


Output

6 3






Time Complexity: O(n * log n)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

 



Last Updated : 31 Aug, 2023
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