Given a Binary Tree where each node has the following structure, write a function to populate the next pointer for all nodes. The next pointer for every node should be set to point to inorder successor.
struct node { int data; struct node* left; struct node* right; struct node* next; } |
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Initially, all next pointers have NULL values. Your function should fill these next pointers so that they point to inorder successor.
Solution (Use Reverse Inorder Traversal)
Traverse the given tree in reverse inorder traversal and keep track of previously visited node. When a node is being visited, assign previously visited node as next.
C++
// C++ program to populate inorder // traversal of all nodes #include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; class node { public: int data; node *left; node *right; node *next; }; /* Set next of p and all descendants of p by traversing them in reverse Inorder */void populateNext(node* p) { // The first visited node will be the // rightmost node next of the rightmost // node will be NULL static node *next = NULL; if (p) { // First set the next pointer // in right subtree populateNext(p->right); // Set the next as previously visited // node in reverse Inorder p->next = next; // Change the prev for subsequent node next = p; // Finally, set the next pointer in // left subtree populateNext(p->left); } } /* UTILITY FUNCTIONS *//* Helper function that allocates a new node with the given data and NULL left and right pointers. */node* newnode(int data) { node* Node = new node(); Node->data = data; Node->left = NULL; Node->right = NULL; Node->next = NULL; return(Node); } // Driver Code int main() { /* Constructed binary tree is 10 / \ 8 12 / 3 */ node *root = newnode(10); root->left = newnode(8); root->right = newnode(12); root->left->left = newnode(3); // Populates nextRight pointer in all nodes populateNext(root); // Let us see the populated values node *ptr = root->left->left; while(ptr) { // -1 is printed if there is no successor cout << "Next of " << ptr->data << " is " << (ptr->next? ptr->next->data: -1) << endl; ptr = ptr->next; } return 0; } // This code is contributed by rathbhupendra |
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C
// C program to populate inorder traversal of all nodes #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct node { int data; struct node *left; struct node *right; struct node *next; }; /* Set next of p and all descendants of p by traversing them in reverse Inorder */void populateNext(struct node* p) { // The first visited node will be the rightmost node // next of the rightmost node will be NULL static struct node *next = NULL; if (p) { // First set the next pointer in right subtree populateNext(p->right); // Set the next as previously visited node in reverse Inorder p->next = next; // Change the prev for subsequent node next = p; // Finally, set the next pointer in left subtree populateNext(p->left); } } /* UTILITY FUNCTIONS *//* Helper function that allocates a new node with the given data and NULL left and right pointers. */struct node* newnode(int data) { struct node* node = (struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node)); node->data = data; node->left = NULL; node->right = NULL; node->next = NULL; return(node); } /* Driver program to test above functions*/int main() { /* Constructed binary tree is 10 / \ 8 12 / 3 */ struct node *root = newnode(10); root->left = newnode(8); root->right = newnode(12); root->left->left = newnode(3); // Populates nextRight pointer in all nodes populateNext(root); // Let us see the populated values struct node *ptr = root->left->left; while(ptr) { // -1 is printed if there is no successor printf("Next of %d is %d \n", ptr->data, ptr->next? ptr->next->data: -1); ptr = ptr->next; } return 0; } |
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Java
// Java program to populate inorder traversal of all nodes // A binary tree node class Node { int data; Node left, right, next; Node(int item) { data = item; left = right = next = null; } } class BinaryTree { Node root; static Node next = null; /* Set next of p and all descendants of p by traversing them in reverse Inorder */ void populateNext(Node node) { // The first visited node will be the rightmost node // next of the rightmost node will be NULL if (node != null) { // First set the next pointer in right subtree populateNext(node.right); // Set the next as previously visited node in reverse Inorder node.next = next; // Change the prev for subsequent node next = node; // Finally, set the next pointer in left subtree populateNext(node.left); } } /* Driver program to test above functions*/ public static void main(String args[]) { /* Constructed binary tree is 10 / \ 8 12 / 3 */ BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree(); tree.root = new Node(10); tree.root.left = new Node(8); tree.root.right = new Node(12); tree.root.left.left = new Node(3); // Populates nextRight pointer in all nodes tree.populateNext(tree.root); // Let us see the populated values Node ptr = tree.root.left.left; while (ptr != null) { // -1 is printed if there is no successor int print = ptr.next != null ? ptr.next.data : -1; System.out.println("Next of " + ptr.data + " is: " + print); ptr = ptr.next; } } } // This code has been contributed by Mayank Jaiswal |
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Python3
# Python3 program to populate # inorder traversal of all nodes # Tree node class Node: def __init__(self, data): self.data = data self.left = None self.right = None self.next = None # The first visited node will be # the rightmost node next of the # rightmost node will be None next = None # Set next of p and all descendants of p # by traversing them in reverse Inorder def populateNext(p): global next if (p != None): # First set the next pointer # in right subtree populateNext(p.right) # Set the next as previously visited node # in reverse Inorder p.next = next # Change the prev for subsequent node next = p # Finally, set the next pointer # in left subtree populateNext(p.left) # UTILITY FUNCTIONS # Helper function that allocates # a new node with the given data # and None left and right pointers. def newnode(data): node = Node(0) node.data = data node.left = None node.right = None node.next = None return(node) # Driver Code # Constructed binary tree is # 10 # / \ # 8 12 # / # 3 root = newnode(10) root.left = newnode(8) root.right = newnode(12) root.left.left = newnode(3) # Populates nextRight pointer # in all nodes p = populateNext(root) # Let us see the populated values ptr = root.left.left while(ptr != None): out = 0 if(ptr.next != None): out = ptr.next.data else: out = -1 # -1 is printed if there is no successor print("Next of", ptr.data, "is", out) ptr = ptr.next # This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu |
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C#
//C# program to populate inorder traversal of all nodes using System; class BinaryTree { // A binary tree node class Node { public int data; public Node left, right, next; public Node(int item) { data = item; left = right = next = null; } } Node root; static Node next = null; /* Set next of p and all descendants of p by traversing them in reverse Inorder */ void populateNext(Node node) { // The first visited node will be the rightmost node // next of the rightmost node will be NULL if (node != null) { // First set the next pointer in right subtree populateNext(node.right); // Set the next as previously visited node in reverse Inorder node.next = next; // Change the prev for subsequent node next = node; // Finally, set the next pointer in left subtree populateNext(node.left); } } /* Driver program to test above functions*/ static public void Main(String []args ) { /* Constructed binary tree is 10 / \ 8 12 / 3 */ BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree(); tree.root = new Node(10); tree.root.left = new Node(8); tree.root.right = new Node(12); tree.root.left.left = new Node(3); // Populates nextRight pointer in all nodes tree.populateNext(tree.root); // Let us see the populated values Node ptr = tree.root.left.left; while (ptr != null) { // -1 is printed if there is no successor int print = ptr.next != null ? ptr.next.data : -1; Console.WriteLine("Next of " + ptr.data + " is: " + print); ptr = ptr.next; } } } // This code has been contributed by Arnab Kundu |
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Output:
Next of 3 is 8 Next of 8 is 10 Next of 10 is 12 Next of 12 is -1
We can avoid the use of static variables by passing reference to next as a parameter.
C++
// An implementation that doesn't use static variable // A wrapper over populateNextRecur void populateNext(node *root) { // The first visited node will be the rightmost node // next of the rightmost node will be NULL node *next = NULL; populateNextRecur(root, &next); } /* Set next of all descendents of p by traversing them in reverse Inorder */void populateNextRecur(node* p, node **next_ref) { if (p) { // First set the next pointer in right subtree populateNextRecur(p->right, next_ref); // Set the next as previously visited // node in reverse Inorder p->next = *next_ref; // Change the prev for subsequent node *next_ref = p; // Finally, set the next pointer in right subtree populateNextRecur(p->left, next_ref); } } // This is code is contributed by rathbhupendra |
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C
// An implementation that doesn't use static variable // A wrapper over populateNextRecur void populateNext(struct node *root) { // The first visited node will be the rightmost node // next of the rightmost node will be NULL struct node *next = NULL; populateNextRecur(root, &next); } /* Set next of all descendants of p by traversing them in reverse Inorder */void populateNextRecur(struct node* p, struct node **next_ref) { if (p) { // First set the next pointer in right subtree populateNextRecur(p->right, next_ref); // Set the next as previously visited node in reverse Inorder p->next = *next_ref; // Change the prev for subsequent node *next_ref = p; // Finally, set the next pointer in right subtree populateNextRecur(p->left, next_ref); } } |
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Java
// A wrapper over populateNextRecur void populateNext(Node node) { // The first visited node will be the rightmost node // next of the rightmost node will be NULL populateNextRecur(node, next); } /* Set next of all descendants of p by traversing them in reverse Inorder */ void populateNextRecur(Node p, Node next_ref) { if (p != null) { // First set the next pointer in right subtree populateNextRecur(p.right, next_ref); // Set the next as previously visited node in reverse Inorder p.next = next_ref; // Change the prev for subsequent node next_ref = p; // Finally, set the next pointer in right subtree populateNextRecur(p.left, next_ref); } } |
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C#
// A wrapper over populateNextRecur void populateNext(Node node) { // The first visited node will be the rightmost node // next of the rightmost node will be NULL populateNextRecur(node, next); } /* Set next of all descendants of p by traversing them in reverse Inorder */ void populateNextRecur(Node p, Node next_ref) { if (p != null) { // First set the next pointer in right subtree populateNextRecur(p.right, next_ref); // Set the next as previously visited node in reverse Inorder p.next = next_ref; // Change the prev for subsequent node next_ref = p; // Finally, set the next pointer in right subtree populateNextRecur(p.left, next_ref); } } // This code is contributed by princiraj1992 |
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Time Complexity: O(n)
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