Network Topology

In Computer Networks, Network Topology is the arrangement of the various elements of a communication network. Network Topology is a topological structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. The logical and physical configuration of a network’s nodes and links is known as its topology. Devices like switches, routers, and software with switch and router functions are typically included in nodes. An extensive description of network topology, its various varieties, and the best methods for choosing the appropriate topology for your company are covered in this article.

Network topology refers to how devices in a computer network are connected.

Basic Terminology Related to Network Topology

• Node: A node refers to any device or point in the network, such as computers, servers, routers, or switches. These nodes are crucial for transmitting and receiving data within the network.
• Link: A link signifies a physical or logical connection between two nodes, allowing data to flow between them. Links can be wired (Ethernet cables) or wireless (Wi-Fi).
• Topology: Topology is the arrangement or layout of nodes and links in a network. It determines how devices are interconnected and how data travels within the network.

Types of Network Topology

• Mesh Topology
• Star Topology
• Bus Topology
• Ring Topology
• Tree Topology
• Hybrid Topology

Mesh Topology

In mesh topology, every node has a dedicated point-to-point link in every other node. Such a network is called complete because, for any two devices, there is a special link and non-redundant links cannot be added to the main network. In Mesh Topology, if we have to connect ‘n’ computers then we need n(n-1)/2 cables and each computer must have (n-1) Ethernet cards.

Mesh Topology

Advantages of Mesh Topology

• Redundant links between devices.
• Easy fault identification and isolation.
• An unusual link does not incapacitate the entire system.

Disadvantages of Mesh Topology

• Each node must have an interface for every other node.
• There is only a limited number of I/O ports in a computer.

Star Topology

In a star network, all the nodes (PCs, printers and peripherals) are connected to the central server. It has a central connection point, like a hub or switch. In star topology .each device is connected with central hub.

Star Topology

Advantages of Star Topology

• Easy to install and wire.
• It can accommodate different wiring.

Disadvantages of Star Topology

• Star networks can require more cable length than a linear topology.
• More expensive cabling.

Bus Topology

In bus topology, all stations are attached to the same cable. In the bus network, messages are sent to both directions from a single point. In the bus topology, signals are broadcast to all stations. Each computer checks the address on the signal (data frame) as it passes along the bus. If the signal’s address matches that of the computer, the computer processes the signal. If the address doesn’t match, the computer takes no action and travels down the bus.

Bus Topology

Advantages of Bus Topology

• Bus topologies are relatively easy to install.
• It requires less cable length.
• It is simple and easy to implement and extend.

Disadvantages of Bus Topology

• Maintenance costs may be higher in the long run.
• More expensive cabling.

Ring Topology

All the nodes in a ring network are connected in a closed circle of cable. Messages that are transmitted travel around the ring unit they are addressed to, the signal being refreshed by each node. In a ring network, every device has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes.

Ring Topology

Advantages of Ring Topology

• Fault tolerance builds into the design.
• Data packets travel at a greater speed.

Disadvantages of Ring Topology

• Expensive Topology
• Ring topology has limited scalability.

Tree Topology

In tree topology nodes are connected in a hierarchical structure to form a tree. There is a root node in tree topology and the remaining nodes are considered as child nodes, basically it is a combination of star and bus topology. The central bus works as a communication pathway, and each star-configured network represents a level in the tree. In tree topology, a hierarchy is formed by the branching cable having no loops that connect the root with all other nodes for communication.

Tree Topology

Advantages of Tree Topology

• Security is high in Tree Topology
• Tree Topology is more reliable
• Tree topology is more scalable

Disadvantages of Ring Topology

• The amount of cable needed in tree topology is higher.
• The cost of a tree topology is higherthann the others.

Hybrid Topology

Hybrid topology is the combination of two or more types of topology, they arise from the integration of multiple network topologies that is why called Hybrid Network Topology.

Hybrid Topology

Advantages of Hybrid Topology

• Hybrid Topology provides more flexibility than others topologies
• Hybrid topology is more robust than the other.
• Hybrid Topology provides optimized performance

Disadvantage of Hybrid Topology

• It is a very complex
• It is not cost-effective

Frequently Asked Question on Network Topology – FAQs

What is network topology?

Network topology refers to the physical or logical layout of devices and connections in a computer network.

What are the common types of network topologies?

Common types include star, bus, ring, mesh, and hybrid topologies.

What is a hybrid topology?

A hybrid topology combines two or more different topologies to suit specific network needs.

How do I choose the right network topology?

The choice depends on factors like network size, scalability, cost, and reliability requirements.

Which network topology is used in home networks?

Star topology is commomly used in home networks.