Longest path between any pair of vertices
We are given a map of cities connected with each other via cable lines such that there is no cycle between any two cities. We need to find the maximum length of cable between any two cities for given city map.
Input : n = 6
1 2 3 // Cable length from 1 to 2 (or 2 to 1) is 3
2 3 4
2 6 2
6 4 6
6 5 5
Output: maximum length of cable = 12
Method 1 (Simple DFS)
We create undirected graph for given city map and do DFS from every city to find maximum length of cable. While traversing, we look for total cable length to reach the current city and if it’s adjacent city is not visited then call DFS for it but if all adjacent cities are visited for current node, then update the value of max_length if previous value of max_length is less than current value of total cable length.
C++
// C++ program to find the longest cable length // between any two cities. #include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // visited[] array to make nodes visited // src is starting node for DFS traversal // prev_len is sum of cable length till current node // max_len is pointer which stores the maximum length // of cable value after DFS traversal void DFS(vector< pair<int,int> > graph[], int src, int prev_len, int *max_len, vector <bool> &visited) { // Mark the src node visited visited[src] = 1; // curr_len is for length of cable from src // city to its adjacent city int curr_len = 0; // Adjacent is pair type which stores // destination city and cable length pair < int, int > adjacent; // Traverse all adjacent for (int i=0; i<graph[src].size(); i++) { // Adjacent element adjacent = graph[src][i]; // If node or city is not visited if (!visited[adjacent.first]) { // Total length of cable from src city // to its adjacent curr_len = prev_len + adjacent.second; // Call DFS for adjacent city DFS(graph, adjacent.first, curr_len, max_len, visited); } // If total cable length till now greater than // previous length then update it if ((*max_len) < curr_len) *max_len = curr_len; // make curr_len = 0 for next adjacent curr_len = 0; } } // n is number of cities or nodes in graph // cable_lines is total cable_lines among the cities // or edges in graph int longestCable(vector<pair<int,int> > graph[], int n) { // maximum length of cable among the connected // cities int max_len = INT_MIN; // call DFS for each city to find maximum // length of cable for (int i=1; i<=n; i++) { // initialize visited array with 0 vector< bool > visited(n+1, false); // Call DFS for src vertex i DFS(graph, i, 0, &max_len, visited); } return max_len; } // driver program to test the input int main() { // n is number of cities int n = 6; vector< pair<int,int> > graph[n+1]; // create undirected graph // first edge graph[1].push_back(make_pair(2, 3)); graph[2].push_back(make_pair(1, 3)); // second edge graph[2].push_back(make_pair(3, 4)); graph[3].push_back(make_pair(2, 4)); // third edge graph[2].push_back(make_pair(6, 2)); graph[6].push_back(make_pair(2, 2)); // fourth edge graph[4].push_back(make_pair(6, 6)); graph[6].push_back(make_pair(4, 6)); // fifth edge graph[5].push_back(make_pair(6, 5)); graph[6].push_back(make_pair(5, 5)); cout << "Maximum length of cable = " << longestCable(graph, n); return 0; } |
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Python3
# Python3 program to find the longest # cable length between any two cities. # visited[] array to make nodes visited # src is starting node for DFS traversal # prev_len is sum of cable length till # current node max_len is pointer which # stores the maximum length of cable # value after DFS traversal def DFS(graph, src, prev_len, max_len, visited): # Mark the src node visited visited[src] = 1 # curr_len is for length of cable # from src city to its adjacent city curr_len = 0 # Adjacent is pair type which stores # destination city and cable length adjacent = None # Traverse all adjacent for i in range(len(graph[src])): # Adjacent element adjacent = graph[src][i] # If node or city is not visited if (not visited[adjacent[0]]): # Total length of cable from # src city to its adjacent curr_len = prev_len + adjacent[1] # Call DFS for adjacent city DFS(graph, adjacent[0], curr_len, max_len, visited) # If total cable length till # now greater than previous # length then update it if (max_len[0] < curr_len): max_len[0] = curr_len # make curr_len = 0 for next adjacent curr_len = 0 # n is number of cities or nodes in # graph cable_lines is total cable_lines # among the cities or edges in graph def longestCable(graph, n): # maximum length of cable among # the connected cities max_len = [-999999999999] # call DFS for each city to find # maximum length of cable for i in range(1, n + 1): # initialize visited array with 0 visited = [False] * (n + 1) # Call DFS for src vertex i DFS(graph, i, 0, max_len, visited) return max_len[0] # Driver Code if __name__ == '__main__': # n is number of cities n = 6 graph = [[] for i in range(n + 1)] # create undirected graph # first edge graph[1].append([2, 3]) graph[2].append([1, 3]) # second edge graph[2].append([3, 4]) graph[3].append([2, 4]) # third edge graph[2].append([6, 2]) graph[6].append([2, 2]) # fourth edge graph[4].append([6, 6]) graph[6].append([4, 6]) # fifth edge graph[5].append([6, 5]) graph[6].append([5, 5]) print("Maximum length of cable =", longestCable(graph, n)) # This code is contributed by PranchalK |
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Output:
Maximum length of cable = 12
Time Complexity : O(V * (V + E))
Method 2 (Efficient : Works only if Graph is Directed)
We can solve above problem in O(V+E) time if the given graph is directed instead of undirected graph. Below are steps.
1) Create a distance array dist[] and initialize all entries of it as minus infinite
2) Order all vertices in toplogical order.
3) Do following for every vertex u in topological order.
…..Do following for every adjacent vertex v of u
………..if (dist[v] < dist[u] + weight(u, v))
……………dist[v] = dist[u] + weight(u, v)
4) Return maximum value from dist[]
Since there is no negative weight, processing vertices in topological order would always produce an array of longest paths dist[] such that dist[u] indicates longest path ending at vertex ‘u’.
The implementation of above approach can be easily adopted from here. The differences here are, there are no negative weight edges and we need overall longest path (not longest paths from a source vertex). Finally we return maximum of all values in dist[].
Time Complexity : O(V + E)
This article is contributed by Shashank Mishra ( Gullu ). This article is reviewed by team GeeksForGeeks. If you have any better approach for this problem then please share.
Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.
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Improved By : PranchalKatiyar
