Longest path between any pair of vertices

We are given a map of cities connected with each other via cable lines such that there is no cycle between any two cities. We need to find the maximum length of cable between any two cities for given city map.

Input : n = 6  
        1 2 3  // Cable length from 1 to 2 (or 2 to 1) is 3
        2 3 4
        2 6 2
        6 4 6
        6 5 5
Output: maximum length of cable = 12

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

Method 1 (Simple DFS)
We create undirected graph for given city map and do DFS from every city to find maximum length of cable. While traversing, we look for total cable length to reach the current city and if it’s adjacent city is not visited then call DFS for it but if all adjacent cities are visited for current node, then update the value of max_length if previous value of max_length is less than current value of total cable length.

C++

// C++ program to find the longest cable length 
// between any two cities. 
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// visited[] array to make nodes visited 
// src is starting node for DFS traversal 
// prev_len is sum of cable length till current node 
// max_len is pointer which stores the maximum length 
// of cable value after DFS traversal 
void DFS(vector< pair<int,int> > graph[], int src, 
         int prev_len, int *max_len, 
         vector <bool> &visited) 
{ 
    // Mark the src node visited 
    visited[src] = 1; 
  
    // curr_len is for length of cable from src 
    // city to its adjacent city 
    int curr_len = 0; 
  
    // Adjacent is pair type which stores 
    // destination city and cable length 
    pair < int, int > adjacent; 
  
    // Traverse all adjacent 
    for (int i=0; i<graph[src].size(); i++) 
    { 
        // Adjacent element 
        adjacent = graph[src][i]; 
  
        // If node or city is not visited 
        if (!visited[adjacent.first]) 
        { 
            // Total length of cable from src city 
            // to its adjacent 
            curr_len = prev_len + adjacent.second; 
  
            // Call DFS for adjacent city 
            DFS(graph, adjacent.first, curr_len, 
                max_len,  visited); 
        } 
  
        // If total cable length till now greater than 
        // previous length then update it 
        if ((*max_len) < curr_len) 
            *max_len = curr_len; 
  
        // make curr_len = 0 for next adjacent 
        curr_len = 0; 
    } 
} 
  
// n is number of cities or nodes in graph 
// cable_lines is total cable_lines among the cities 
// or edges in graph 
int longestCable(vector<pair<int,int> > graph[], 
                                          int n) 
{ 
    // maximum length of cable among the connected 
    // cities 
    int max_len = INT_MIN; 
  
    // call DFS for each city to find maximum 
    // length of cable 
    for (int i=1; i<=n; i++) 
    { 
        // initialize visited array with 0 
        vector< bool > visited(n+1, false); 
  
        // Call DFS for src vertex i 
        DFS(graph, i, 0, &max_len, visited); 
    } 
  
    return max_len; 
} 
  
// driver program to test the input 
int main() 
{ 
    // n is number of cities 
    int n = 6; 
  
    vector< pair<int,int> > graph[n+1]; 
  
    // create undirected graph 
    // first edge 
    graph[1].push_back(make_pair(2, 3)); 
    graph[2].push_back(make_pair(1, 3)); 
  
    // second edge 
    graph[2].push_back(make_pair(3, 4)); 
    graph[3].push_back(make_pair(2, 4)); 
  
    // third edge 
    graph[2].push_back(make_pair(6, 2)); 
    graph[6].push_back(make_pair(2, 2)); 
  
    // fourth edge 
    graph[4].push_back(make_pair(6, 6)); 
    graph[6].push_back(make_pair(4, 6)); 
  
    // fifth edge 
    graph[5].push_back(make_pair(6, 5)); 
    graph[6].push_back(make_pair(5, 5)); 
  
    cout << "Maximum length of cable = "
         << longestCable(graph, n); 
  
    return 0; 
} 

Python3

# Python3 program to find the longest  
# cable length between any two cities.  
  
# visited[] array to make nodes visited  
# src is starting node for DFS traversal  
# prev_len is sum of cable length till  
# current node max_len is pointer which  
# stores the maximum length of cable 
# value after DFS traversal  
def DFS(graph, src, prev_len,  
        max_len, visited): 
      
    # Mark the src node visited  
    visited[src] = 1
  
    # curr_len is for length of cable  
    # from src city to its adjacent city  
    curr_len = 0
  
    # Adjacent is pair type which stores  
    # destination city and cable length  
    adjacent = None
  
    # Traverse all adjacent  
    for i in range(len(graph[src])): 
          
        # Adjacent element  
        adjacent = graph[src][i]  
  
        # If node or city is not visited  
        if (not visited[adjacent[0]]): 
              
            # Total length of cable from 
            # src city to its adjacent  
            curr_len = prev_len + adjacent[1]  
  
            # Call DFS for adjacent city  
            DFS(graph, adjacent[0], curr_len,  
                            max_len, visited) 
  
        # If total cable length till  
        # now greater than previous  
        # length then update it  
        if (max_len[0] < curr_len):  
            max_len[0] = curr_len  
  
        # make curr_len = 0 for next adjacent  
        curr_len = 0
  
# n is number of cities or nodes in  
# graph cable_lines is total cable_lines   
# among the cities or edges in graph  
def longestCable(graph, n): 
      
    # maximum length of cable among 
    # the connected cities  
    max_len = [-999999999999]  
  
    # call DFS for each city to find  
    # maximum length of cable 
    for i in range(1, n + 1): 
          
        # initialize visited array with 0  
        visited = [False] * (n + 1)  
  
        # Call DFS for src vertex i  
        DFS(graph, i, 0, max_len, visited) 
  
    return max_len[0] 
  
# Driver Code 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
  
    # n is number of cities  
    n = 6
  
    graph = [[] for i in range(n + 1)] 
  
    # create undirected graph  
    # first edge  
    graph[1].append([2, 3])  
    graph[2].append([1, 3])  
  
    # second edge  
    graph[2].append([3, 4])  
    graph[3].append([2, 4])  
  
    # third edge  
    graph[2].append([6, 2])  
    graph[6].append([2, 2])  
  
    # fourth edge  
    graph[4].append([6, 6])  
    graph[6].append([4, 6])  
  
    # fifth edge  
    graph[5].append([6, 5])  
    graph[6].append([5, 5])  
  
    print("Maximum length of cable =",  
               longestCable(graph, n)) 
                  
# This code is contributed by PranchalK 

Output:

Maximum length of cable = 12

Time Complexity : O(V * (V + E))

Method 2 (Efficient : Works only if Graph is Directed)
We can solve above problem in O(V+E) time if the given graph is directed instead of undirected graph. Below are steps.

1) Create a distance array dist[] and initialize all entries of it as minus infinite
2) Order all vertices in toplogical order.
3) Do following for every vertex u in topological order.
…..Do following for every adjacent vertex v of u
………..if (dist[v] < dist[u] + weight(u, v))
……………dist[v] = dist[u] + weight(u, v)
4) Return maximum value from dist[]

Since there is no negative weight, processing vertices in topological order would always produce an array of longest paths dist[] such that dist[u] indicates longest path ending at vertex ‘u’.

The implementation of above approach can be easily adopted from here. The differences here are, there are no negative weight edges and we need overall longest path (not longest paths from a source vertex). Finally we return maximum of all values in dist[].

Time Complexity : O(V + E)

This article is contributed by Shashank Mishra ( Gullu ). This article is reviewed by team GeeksForGeeks. If you have any better approach for this problem then please share.

Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.

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