Leaf nodes from Preorder of a Binary Search Tree (Using Recursion)

Given Preorder traversal of a Binary Search Tree. Then the task is print leaf nodes of the Binary Search Tree from the given preorder.

Examples :

Input : preorder[] = {890, 325, 290, 530, 965};
Output : 290 530 965

Tree represented is,
      890
     /   \
  325    965
  /  \
290   530

Input :  preorder[] = { 3, 2, 4 };
Output : 2 4

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

In this post, a simple recursive solution is discussed. The idea is to use two min and max variables and taking i (index in input array), the index for given preorder array, and recursively creating root node and correspondingly checking if left and right are existing or not. This method return boolean variable, and if both left and right are false it simply means that left and right are null hence it must be a leaf node so print it right there and return back true as root at that index existed.

C++

// Recursive C++ program  to find leaf  
// nodes from given preorder traversal 
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// Print the leaf node from  
// the given preorder of BST. 
bool isLeaf(int pre[], int &i, int n, 
                        int min, int max) 
{     
    if (i >= n)  
        return false; 
      
    if (pre[i] > min && pre[i] < max) { 
        i++; 
          
        bool left = isLeaf(pre, i, n, min, pre[i-1]); 
        bool right = isLeaf(pre, i, n, pre[i-1], max); 
          
        if (!left && !right)  
            cout << pre[i-1] << " "; 
              
        return true; 
    } 
    return false; 
} 
  
void printLeaves(int preorder[],  int n) 
{ 
    int i = 0;     
    isLeaf(preorder, i, n, INT_MIN, INT_MAX); 
} 
  
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    int preorder[] = { 890, 325, 290, 530, 965 }; 
    int n = sizeof(preorder)/sizeof(preorder[0]); 
    printLeaves(preorder, n);     
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Recursive Java program to find leaf  
// nodes from given preorder traversal 
class GFG  
{ 
  
    static int i = 0; 
  
    // Print the leaf node from  
    // the given preorder of BST. 
    static boolean isLeaf(int pre[], int n, 
            int min, int max) 
    { 
        if (i >= n) 
        { 
            return false; 
        } 
  
        if (pre[i] > min && pre[i] < max)  
        { 
            i++; 
  
            boolean left = isLeaf(pre, n, min, pre[i - 1]); 
            boolean right = isLeaf(pre, n, pre[i - 1], max); 
  
            if (!left && !right)  
            { 
                System.out.print(pre[i - 1] + " "); 
            } 
  
            return true; 
        } 
        return false; 
    } 
  
    static void printLeaves(int preorder[], int n)  
    { 
  
        isLeaf(preorder, n, Integer.MIN_VALUE, 
                            Integer.MAX_VALUE); 
    } 
  
    // Driver code 
    public static void main(String[] args)  
    { 
        int preorder[] = {890, 325, 290, 530, 965}; 
        int n = preorder.length; 
        printLeaves(preorder, n); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code contributed by Rajput-Ji 

Python3

# Recursive Python program to find leaf  
# nodes from given preorder traversal  
  
# Print the leaf node from  
# the given preorder of BST.  
def isLeaf(pre, i, n, Min, Max): 
    if i[0] >= n:  
        return False
      
    if pre[i[0]] > Min and pre[i[0]] < Max:  
        i[0] += 1
          
        left = isLeaf(pre, i, n, Min,  
                      pre[i[0] - 1])  
        right = isLeaf(pre, i, n,  
                       pre[i[0] - 1], Max)  
          
        if left == False and right == False: 
            print(pre[i[0] - 1], end = " ") 
              
        return True
    return False
  
def printLeaves(preorder, n): 
    i = [0] 
    INT_MIN, INT_MAX = -999999999999, 999999999999
    isLeaf(preorder, i, n, INT_MIN, INT_MAX) 
  
# Driver code  
if __name__ == '__main__': 
    preorder = [890, 325, 290, 530, 965]  
    n = len(preorder)  
    printLeaves(preorder, n) 
      
# This code is contributed by PranchalK 

C#

// Recursive C# program to find leaf  
// nodes from given preorder traversal  
using System; 
  
class GFG  
{  
  
    static int i = 0;  
  
    // Print the leaf node from  
    // the given preorder of BST.  
    static bool isLeaf(int []pre, int n,  
                        int min, int max)  
    {  
        if (i >= n)  
        {  
            return false;  
        }  
  
        if (pre[i] > min && pre[i] < max)  
        {  
            i++;  
  
            bool left = isLeaf(pre, n, min, pre[i - 1]);  
            bool right = isLeaf(pre, n, pre[i - 1], max);  
  
            if (!left && !right)  
            {  
                Console.Write(pre[i - 1] + " ");  
            }  
  
            return true;  
        }  
        return false;  
    }  
  
    static void printLeaves(int []preorder, int n)  
    {  
  
        isLeaf(preorder, n, int.MinValue, int.MaxValue);  
    }  
  
    // Driver code  
    public static void Main(String[] args)  
    {  
        int []preorder = {890, 325, 290, 530, 965};  
        int n = preorder.Length;  
        printLeaves(preorder, n);  
    }  
}  
  
// This code is contributed by princiraj1992 

PHP

<?php 
// Recursive PHP program to  
// find leaf nodes from given 
// preorder traversal 
  
// Print the leaf node from  
// the given preorder of BST. 
  
function isLeaf($pre, &$i, $n, 
                $min, $max) 
{  
    if ($i >= $n)  
        return false; 
      
    if ($pre[$i] > $min &&  
        $pre[$i] < $max)  
    { 
        $i++; 
          
        $left = isLeaf($pre, $i, $n,  
                       $min, $pre[$i - 1]); 
        $right = isLeaf($pre, $i, $n,  
                        $pre[$i - 1], $max); 
          
        if (!$left && !$right)  
            echo $pre[$i - 1] , " "; 
              
        return true; 
    } 
    return false; 
} 
  
function printLeaves($preorder, $n) 
{ 
    $i = 0;  
    isLeaf($preorder, $i, $n,  
           PHP_INT_MIN, PHP_INT_MAX); 
} 
  
// Driver code 
$preorder = array (890, 325, 290,  
                   530, 965 ); 
$n = sizeof($preorder); 
printLeaves($preorder, $n);  
  
// This code is contributed by ajit 
?> 

Output :

290 530 965

My Personal Notes

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

Java

Python3

C#

PHP

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