India’s Security Strategy| Class 12 Political Science Notes

Class 12 Political Science Notes Chapter 5 India’s Security Strategy discusses that India’s security strategy has four broad components strengthening military capabilities, strengthening international norms and institutions, meeting security challenges within the country, and developing the economy. These components have been used in different combinations from time to time. India’s security strategy is constantly evolving, as the country faces new challenges and opportunities. However, the four broad components outlined above will continue to be important cornerstones of India’s security strategy in the years to come.

In this article, we will look into the topic ‘India’s Security Strategy’ in detail. It is an important topic in Political Science Class 12. Students can go through this article to get comprehensive notes on the topic Class 12 Political Science Chapter 5 India’s Security Strategy.

Components of India’s Security Strategy

India’s security strategy has four broad components:

Strengthening Military Capabilities

India has been involved in conflicts with its neighbors, including Pakistan in 1947–48, 1965, 1971, and 1991, and with China in 1962. The Indian government justified its decision to conduct nuclear tests in 1998 in terms of safeguarding national security.

Strengthening International Norms and International Institutions

India has tried to protect its security interests by strengthening international norms and institutions. For example, India has been a member of the United Nations since its inception and has played an active role in peacekeeping operations. India has also been a member of the Non-Aligned Movement since its inception and has played a leading role in promoting the interests of developing countries.

Meeting Security Challenges Within the Country

Several militant groups from areas such as Nagaland, Mizoram, the Punjab, and Kashmir have from time to time sought to break away from India. India has tried to preserve national unity by adopting a democratic political system.

Developing the Economy

India has tried to develop its economy in a way that the vast mass of citizens is lifted out of poverty. India has also tried to reduce economic inequalities, which could lead to social unrest.

These four components of India’s security strategy have been used from time to time in different combinations. The relative importance of each component has varied depending on the specific circumstances facing India. In recent years, India has faced a number of security challenges, including terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and cyber warfare. India has responded to these challenges by strengthening its military capabilities, improving its intelligence gathering capabilities, and increasing its cooperation with other countries. India’s security strategy is likely to continue to evolve in the years to come. India will need to continue to strengthen its military capabilities, improve its intelligence gathering capabilities, and increase its cooperation with other countries in order to meet the security challenges of the 21st century.

India’s Security Strategy

India has faced both military and non-traditional threats to its security, with its security strategy consisting of four components. The first component is strengthening its military capabilities, as it has been involved in conflicts with its neighbours, Pakistan and China. India’s decision to conduct nuclear tests in 1998 was justified to safeguard national security. The second component is strengthening international norms and institutions to protect its security interests. India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, supported the cause of Asian solidarity, decolonisation, disarmament, and the UN as a forum for international conflicts.

India also argued for an equitable New International Economic Order (NIEO) and used non-alignment to carve out an area of peace outside the bloc politics of the two superpowers. India joined 160 countries that have signed and ratified the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, and Indian troops have been sent abroad on UN peacekeeping missions. The third component focuses on meeting security challenges within the country, adopting a democratic political system that allows different communities and groups to freely articulate their grievances and share political power. The fourth component aims to develop the economy to lift the vast majority of citizens out of poverty and inequalities.

Conclusion

In conclusion, India has faced both traditional and non-traditional threats to its security. The traditional threats include military threats from neighboring countries like Pakistan and China. The non-traditional threats include terrorism, poverty, migration, and so on. India’s security strategy has been successful in protecting the country from a variety of threats. However, India continues to face a number of security challenges. These challenges include terrorism, poverty, migration, and climate change. India will need to continue to work to address these challenges in order to ensure its security in the future.

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India’s Security Strategy- FAQs

What is the focus of Chapter 5 of Class 12 Political Science?

The chapter examines India’s security strategy and its approach to addressing various security challenges.

What is India’s key security concerns?

India’s security concerns include terrorism, border disputes, regional instability, and cyber threats.

How does India address its security challenges?

India uses a multi-faceted approach involving military modernization, diplomatic engagement, intelligence-sharing, and counterterrorism operations.

What role does nuclear deterrence play in India’s security strategy?

Nuclear deterrence serves as a cornerstone of India’s security strategy, deterring potential adversaries and ensuring strategic stability.

How does India approach regional security cooperation?

India engages in regional security initiatives such as SAARC, BIMSTEC, and the Quad to promote stability and address common security challenges.

How does India balance its security interests with non-alignment?

India maintains a policy of non-alignment while pursuing strategic partnerships with major powers and participating in regional security forums.

What are India’s emerging security priorities?

India’s emerging security priorities include maritime security, cybersecurity, space security, and countering non-traditional threats like climate change and pandemics.