Difference between Straight Ring Counter and Twisted Ring Counter

Ring counter is a type of counter that is composed of a shift register with clear and preset inputs provided externally. It is of two types: 1. Straight Ring Counter : Straight ring counter is a type of ring counter in which the output of the last flip-flop is connected to the input of the first flip-flip. It circulates a single ‘0’ or ‘1’ bit around the ring. 2. Twisted Ring Counter : Twisted ring counter is a types of ring counter in which the complement of output of the last shift register is connected to the input of the first register. It circulates a stream of 1s followed by 0s around the ring.
Difference between Straight and Twisted Ring Counter:

STRAIGHT RING COUNTER	TWISTED RING COUNTER
It connects the output of the last shift register to the input of first shift register.	It connects the complement of output of the last shift register to the input of the first register.
It is known as One hot counter.	It is known as Walking ring counter or Johnson’s counter.
Number of states = number of flip-flops	Number of states = 2 x number of flip-flops
It circulates a single bit (0 or 1) around the ring.	It circulates stream of 1 followed by stream of 0.
PRESET is used in first shift register.	PRESET is not used in twisted ring counter.
CLEAR is used for last (n-1) flip-flops.	CLEAR is used for all flip-flips in it.
It is used in successive approximation and stepper motor control.	It is used in phase shift or function generator.