Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Geography Notes Chapter 6

Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 is about the production and processing of raw materials in the process of manufacturing and the working of manufacturing industries. Workers in the manufacturing sectors are employed in a variety of different sectors which include factories, cars, textiles, and so forth, which are categorized under secondary activities. The Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Notes are prepared by our experts and include important points pertaining to manufacturing industries and the working of the manufacturing industries.

For easy access for the students, a compilation of CBSE Class 10 Social Science Notes, consisting of four subjects: Geography, History, Political Science and Economics in a single source can access the same for free from our website.

Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing?

The term “manufacturing” refers to the practice of mass-producing a product using inexpensive raw materials. The transformation of basic resources like cotton fiber into finished products (like textiles) is considered a secondary activity; thus, its status is as such.

Importance of Manufacturing

The manufacturing industry is vital to progress since it provides the following:

1. As a result of creating employment in the secondary and tertiary sectors, manufacturing contributes to the modernization of agriculture.
2. It contributes to the end of poverty and joblessness.
3. Increasing trade and commerce, and bringing in much-needed foreign cash, are facilitated by exporting produced items.
4. It contributes to national prosperity by stimulating the economy.
5. The manufacturing industry is the backbone of the economy and the modernization of agriculture it supports.
6. They reduce the population’s dependency on agricultural income by providing employment opportunities in the secondary and tertiary sectors.
7. Contributes to lowering poverty and joblessness.
8. Helps even out the world’s regions by fostering economic growth in rural and impoverished areas.

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Industrial Location

Complexity is endemic to industrial settings. Raw material, labor, money, power, market, etc., and accessibility all have a role. In most cases, you won’t be able to locate all of these resources in one convenient spot.

As a consequence, factories often locate in the optimal spot, the one with the best combination of readily accessible or easily arranged industrial site characteristics. Industries rely on city markets and services, including banking, insurance, transportation, labor, management consultants, financial advisors, etc. Agglomeration economies refer to the benefits that may be gained when many sectors work together in the same location.

An increasingly significant concentration of manufacturing is taking place. Before independence, most factories were situated in strategically important cities for international commerce, like Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, etc. Therefore, industrialized urban centers have emerged in the midst of a vast agricultural, rural hinterland.

Industrial locations depend on the following factors:

1. Raw Materials
2. Labor
3. Capital
4. Market
5. Power
6. Government Policies

The diagram below shows the linkage between industry and the market:

Industrial Location

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Agro-based Industries

Agriculture provides the raw resources for several businesses, including those that produce cotton, jute, silk, woolen fabrics, sugar, edible oil, etc. Let’s get to know them all, one by one.

Textile Industry

It’s the only sector in India that can produce everything it needs on its own, from raw materials to finished goods, with the greatest possible added value. It helps with manufacturing, creating jobs, and bringing in money from overseas.

Cotton Textiles

People who work in ginning, spinning, dying, weaving, packing, designing, tailoring, and sewing, like Farmers, cotton boll pluckers, and others, all have a hand in this business since it is so intertwined with agriculture. The production of chemicals and dyes, packaging materials, and engineering operations all rely on it.

Jute Textiles

When it comes to raw jute and jute items, India dominates the global market. Most of these mills are found in West Bengal, India, in the area bordering the Hugli River.

Sugar Industry

Although it ranks second in global sugar production, India ranks first in Gur and Khandsari production. This is a seasonal business.

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Mineral-based Industries

Which rely on minerals and metals as primary inputs. Let’s talk about some examples of businesses that fit this description.

Iron and Steel Industry

All other industries, whether they be heavy, medium, or light, rely on iron and steel for their equipment, making it the foundational industry. The raw materials and the completed items are both heavy and bulky; thus, the transportation costs for this business are high.

India has a high potential for leading in the iron and steel industry, however, it is falling short because of the following reasons:

1. Lower productivity of labor
2. Irregular supply of energy
3. High cost and limited availability of coal
4. Poor infrastructural facilities

Aluminium Smelting

Aluminum smelting is an important metallurgical industry in India and ranks second most important. It is used for the manufacture of aircraft, utensils, and other items. One of the important raw materials used in the smelters is bauxite. Aluminum smelting has gained importance as a substitute for copper, since and lead, in many industries some of its important features of it are:

1. Resistant to corrosion
2. Light in weight
3. Good conductor of heat
4. Malleability

Chemical Industries

The chemical industry uses a wide variety of manufacturing facilities. In recent years, both the markets for artificial and organic products have shown promising indications of expansion. Nitric acid, sulphuric acid, alkalies, soda ash, and caustic soda are only a few examples of the inorganic compounds that find widespread use.

Fertilizer Industries

The fertilizer industry is crucial to India’s agricultural sector. Making various chemicals that farmers may employ to improve crop growth is the primary focus of the fertilizer industry. There are two major categories in the fertilizer industry, chemical and organic.

The agricultural sector, which contributes significantly to India’s food security and economic development, relies heavily on the fertilizer industry. Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Kerala are popular production centers for nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphatic fertilizers, and complex fertilizers.

Cement Industries

The cement industry has been a major contributor to India’s economic growth. India’s cement industry is the second biggest in the world after China’s, with an annual output of more than 500 million tonnes.

Structures, including homes, roads, bridges, dams, and more, all rely on cement as a binding agent. The regulated and unregulated cement industries comprise the bulk of the market.

Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka account for the vast majority of India’s cement production.

Automobile Industries

Vehicle production includes automobiles, semi-trucks, buses, motorcycles, scooters, three-wheelers, and multi-purpose vehicles. A large number of these businesses may be found in the areas around the cities of Delhi, Gurugram, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur, and Bengaluru.

IT and Electronics Industry

When discussing the field of telecommunications, the term “electronics” can be used to describe a wide variety of devices, including transistor radios, televisions, phones, mobile phones, telecommunications lines, radars, computers, along with many more. This company’s presence in India has resulted in the creation of new employment opportunities. 

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Contribution of Industry to the National Economy

The contribution of industry to the National economy is as follows:

• The commercial sector is crucial to the development and improvement of the economy as a whole. The sector significantly impacts the country’s GDP, commerce, employment, and scientific advancement.
• The industrial sector contributes significantly to a country’s GDP, employment, technological development, and physical infrastructure. 
• Developing and enhancing the manufacturing sector is crucial to the expansion and betterment of the economy as a whole.

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Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation

There are both positive and negative consequences of industrial pollution and environmental degradation. While industrialization is often credited with improving national economies, its negative effects on the environment are often overlooked. Let’s get the facts on this:

• Gasses, including carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, are to blame for the deterioration of the air quality. Industrial chimneys are a major contributor to the GreenHouse Effect and global warming. The use of CFCs in manufacturing causes damage to the ozone layer, which acts as a natural shield against the sun’s harmful UV radiation.
• Water pollution is caused by the dumping of biological and inorganic industrial waste. Lots of toxic waste that kills aquatic life is produced by industries that make paper, pulp, chemicals, leather, acids, dyes, fertilizers, etc.
• Machines, sirens, drills, fans, and other sources of high-intensity sound contribute to environmental noise pollution. Nearby neighbours experience discomfort, hearing loss, heart attacks, etc.
• The extraction of raw materials from factories is another source of environmental degradation. Mining causes damage to the environment in the form of land degradation, deforestation, soil erosion, waterlogging, and so on.
• Slowing Down Environmental Decay.

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Control of Environmental Degradation

Here are some effective ways to reduce industrial pollution:

• Water needs may be met by rainwater collection.
• Preparing wastewater for release into water bodies like rivers and lakes by treating it beforehand.
• Factory smoke stacks equipped with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers, and inertial separators may significantly decrease particulate matter in the air.
• Substituting oil or gas for coal in industrial processes is one way to lessen air pollution.
• Adapting machinery to make it more energy efficient and quieter is possible.

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FAQs on CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Q1. What is the manufacturing industry?

Answer-

The manufacturing industry is often referred to as the backbone of development and helps in economic growth, modernizing of agriculture, and also helped in the provision of employment.

Q2. What are the types of industries?

Answer-

The times of industries are as follows-

1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quaternary

Q3. What is the importance of manufacturing industries?

Answer-

The importance of manufacturing industries is it helps in modernisation of agriculture, helps in the reduction of dependence on agriculture, and the generation of employments in sectors other than agriculture.