Given an array of N elements, the task is to find the Sum of N elements without using loops(for, while & doWhile) and recursion.
Examples:
Input: arr[]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Output: 15
Input: arr[]={10, 20, 30}
Output: 60
Approach: Unconditional Jump Statements can be used to solve this problem.
Unconditional Jump Statements:
Jump statements interrupt the sequential execution of statements, so that execution continues at a different point in the program. A jump destroys automatic variables if the jump destination is outside their scope. There are four statements that cause unconditional jumps in C: break, continue, goto, and return.
To solve this particular problem, goto statement can be useful.
goto Statement:
The goto statement is a jump statement which is sometimes also referred to as unconditional jump statement. The goto statement can be used to jump from anywhere to anywhere within a function.
Syntax:
Syntax1 | Syntax2 ---------------------------- goto label; | label: . | . . | . . | . label: | goto label;
In the above syntax, the first line tells the compiler to go to or jump to the statement marked as a label. Here label is a user-defined identifier which indicates the target statement. The statement immediately followed after ‘label:’ is the destination statement. The ‘label:’ can also appear before the ‘goto label;’ statement in the above syntax.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
C++
// C++ program to find the sum of// N elements with goto statement#include <iostream>using namespace std;// Function to perform desired operationint operate(int array[], int N){ int sum = 0, index = 0;label: sum += array[index++]; if (index < N) { // backward jump of goto statement goto label; } // return the sum return sum;}// Driver Codeint main(){ // Get N int N = 5, sum = 0; // Input values of an array int array[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; // Find the sum sum = operate(array, N); // Print the sum cout << sum;} |
C
// C program to find the sum of// N elements with goto statement#include <stdio.h>// Function to perform desired operationint operate(int array[], int N){ int sum = 0, index = 0;label: sum += array[index++]; if (index < N) { // backward jump of goto statement goto label; } // return the sum return sum;}// Driver Codeint main(){ // Get N int N = 5, sum = 0; // Input values of an array int array[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; // Find the sum sum = operate(array, N); // Print the sum printf("%d", sum);} |
Java
// Java program to find the sum of // N elementsclass GFG{ // Function to perform desired operation static int operate(int array[], int N) { int sum = 0, index = 0; while(true) { sum += array[index++]; if (index < N) { // backward jump of goto statement continue; } else { break; } } // return the sum return sum; } // Driver code public static void main(String[] args) { // Get N int N = 5, sum = 0; // Input values of an array int array[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; // Find the sum sum = operate(array, N); // Print the sum System.out.print(sum); }}// This code is contributed by divyeshrabaiya07 |
Python3
# Python3 program to find the sum of # N elements# Function to perform desired operation def operate(array, N) : Sum, index = 0, 0 while(True) : Sum += array[index] index += 1 if index < N : # backward jump of goto statement continue else : break # return the sum return Sum # Get N N, Sum = 5, 0# Input values of an array array = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ] # Find the sum Sum = operate(array, N) # Print the sumprint(Sum)# This code is contributed by divyesh072019 |
C#
// C# program to find the sum of// N elements with goto statementusing System;class GFG{// Function to perform desired operationstatic int operate(int[] array, int N){ int sum = 0, index = 0;label: sum += array[index++]; if (index < N) { // backward jump of goto statement goto label; } // return the sum return sum;}// Driver Codepublic static void Main(){ // Get N int N = 5, sum = 0; // Input values of an array int[] array = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; // Find the sum sum = operate(array, N); // Print the sum Console.Write(sum);}}// This code is contributed// by Akanksha Rai |
PHP
<?php// PHP program to find the sum of N// elements with goto statementfunction operate($array, $N){ $sum = 0; $index = 0; label: $sum += $array[$index++]; if($index < $N) { // backward jump of goto statement goto label; } // return the sum return $sum;}// Driver code$N = 5;$array = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);echo operate($array, $N);// This code is contirbuted // by Mohit kumar 29?> |
15
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