Sum of array Elements without using loops and recursion

Given an array of N elements, the task is to find the Sum of N elements without using loops(for, while & doWhile) and recursion.

Examples:

Input: arr[]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}   
Output: 15

Input: arr[]={10, 20, 30}   
Output: 60

Approach: Unconditional Jump Statements can be used to solve this problem.



Unconditional Jump Statements:

Jump statements interrupt the sequential execution of statements, so that execution continues at a different point in the program. A jump destroys automatic variables if the jump destination is outside their scope. There are four statements that cause unconditional jumps in C: break, continue, goto, and return.

To solve this particular problem, goto statement can be useful.

goto Statement:
The goto statement is a jump statement which is sometimes also referred to as unconditional jump statement. The goto statement can be used to jump from anywhere to anywhere within a function.
Syntax:

Syntax1      |   Syntax2
----------------------------
goto label;  |    label:  
.                  |    .
.                  |    .
.                  |    .
label:          |    goto label;

In the above syntax, the first line tells the compiler to go to or jump to the statement marked as a label. Here label is a user-defined identifier which indicates the target statement. The statement immediately followed after ‘label:’ is the destination statement. The ‘label:’ can also appear before the ‘goto label;’ statement in the above syntax.

goto

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

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// C++ program to find the sum of
// N elements with goto statement
  
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
  
// Function to perform desired operation
int operate(int array[], int N)
{
    int sum = 0, index = 0;
  
label:
    sum += array[index++];
  
    if (index < N) {
  
        // backward jump of goto statement
        goto label;
    }
  
    // return the sum
    return sum;
}
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
  
    // Get N
    int N = 5, sum = 0;
  
    // Input values of an array
    int array[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
  
    // Find the sum
    sum = operate(array, N);
  
    // Print the sum
    cout << sum;
}

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C














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// C program to find the sum of 


// N elements with goto statement 


  


#include <stdio.h> 


  


// Function to perform desired operation 


int operate(int array[], int N) 


{ 


    int sum = 0, index = 0; 


  


label: 


    sum += array[index++]; 


  


    if (index < N) { 


  


        // backward jump of goto statement 


        goto label; 


    } 


  


    // return the sum 


    return sum; 


} 


  


// Driver Code 


int main() 


{ 


  


    // Get N 


    int N = 5, sum = 0; 


  


    // Input values of an array 


    int array[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; 


  


    // Find the sum 


    sum = operate(array, N); 


  


    // Print the sum 


    printf("%d", sum); 


} 



















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C#














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// C# program to find the sum of 


// N elements with goto statement 


using System; 


  


class GFG 


{ 


// Function to perform desired operation 


static int operate(int[] array, int N) 


{ 


    int sum = 0, index = 0; 


  


label: 


    sum += array[index++]; 


  


    if (index < N) 


    { 


  


        // backward jump of goto statement 


        goto label; 


    } 


  


    // return the sum 


    return sum; 


} 


  


// Driver Code 


public static void Main() 


{ 


  


    // Get N 


    int N = 5, sum = 0; 


  


    // Input values of an array 


    int[] array = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; 


  


    // Find the sum 


    sum = operate(array, N); 


  


    // Print the sum 


    Console.Write(sum); 


} 


} 


  


// This code is contributed 


// by Akanksha Rai 



















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<?php 


// PHP program to find the sum of N 


// elements with goto statement 


function operate($array, $N) 


{ 


    $sum = 0; 


    $index = 0; 


    label: 


        $sum += $array[$index++]; 


          


        if($index < $N) 


        { 


            // backward jump of goto statement 


            goto label; 


        } 


          


        // return the sum 


        return $sum; 


} 


  


// Driver code 


$N = 5; 


  


$array = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); 


  


echo operate($array, $N); 


  


// This code is contirbuted  


// by Mohit kumar 29 


?> 



















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Output:


15






          
          
          
          

            

    

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    Article Tags : 
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C++
School Programming

           	
Practice Tags : 
C
CPP

        

         

         
 
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