Sum of array Elements without using loops and recursion
Given an array of N elements, the task is to find the Sum of N elements without using loops(for, while & doWhile) and recursion.
Examples:
Input: arr[]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Output: 15
Input: arr[]={10, 20, 30}
Output: 60
Approach: Unconditional Jump Statements can be used to solve this problem.
Unconditional Jump Statements:
Jump statements interrupt the sequential execution of statements, so that execution continues at a different point in the program. A jump destroys automatic variables if the jump destination is outside their scope. There are four statements that cause unconditional jumps in C: break, continue, goto, and return.
To solve this particular problem, goto statement can be useful.
goto Statement:
The goto statement is a jump statement which is sometimes also referred to as unconditional jump statement. The goto statement can be used to jump from anywhere to anywhere within a function.
Syntax:
Syntax1 | Syntax2 ---------------------------- goto label; | label: . | . . | . . | . label: | goto label;
In the above syntax, the first line tells the compiler to go to or jump to the statement marked as a label. Here label is a user-defined identifier which indicates the target statement. The statement immediately followed after ‘label:’ is the destination statement. The ‘label:’ can also appear before the ‘goto label;’ statement in the above syntax.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
C++
// C++ program to find the sum of // N elements with goto statement #include <iostream> using namespace std; // Function to perform desired operation int operate(int array[], int N) { int sum = 0, index = 0; label: sum += array[index++]; if (index < N) { // backward jump of goto statement goto label; } // return the sum return sum; } // Driver Code int main() { // Get N int N = 5, sum = 0; // Input values of an array int array[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; // Find the sum sum = operate(array, N); // Print the sum cout << sum; } |
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C
// C program to find the sum of // N elements with goto statement #include <stdio.h> // Function to perform desired operation int operate(int array[], int N) { int sum = 0, index = 0; label: sum += array[index++]; if (index < N) { // backward jump of goto statement goto label; } // return the sum return sum; } // Driver Code int main() { // Get N int N = 5, sum = 0; // Input values of an array int array[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; // Find the sum sum = operate(array, N); // Print the sum printf("%d", sum); } |
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C#
// C# program to find the sum of // N elements with goto statement using System; class GFG { // Function to perform desired operation static int operate(int[] array, int N) { int sum = 0, index = 0; label: sum += array[index++]; if (index < N) { // backward jump of goto statement goto label; } // return the sum return sum; } // Driver Code public static void Main() { // Get N int N = 5, sum = 0; // Input values of an array int[] array = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; // Find the sum sum = operate(array, N); // Print the sum Console.Write(sum); } } // This code is contributed // by Akanksha Rai |
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PHP
<?php // PHP program to find the sum of N // elements with goto statement function operate($array, $N) { $sum = 0; $index = 0; label: $sum += $array[$index++]; if($index < $N) { // backward jump of goto statement goto label; } // return the sum return $sum; } // Driver code $N = 5; $array = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); echo operate($array, $N); // This code is contirbuted // by Mohit kumar 29 ?> |
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Output:
15
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