Maximum number of soldier in a team

Given an integer N denoting the total number of fights between empire A and B all together in a war zone, also given a 2-D array arr of size N denoting that soldier arr[i][0] and arr[i][1] are fighting with each other. The task is to find the maximum number of soldiers belonging to an empire if it is possible to distribute all the soldiers among A and B, otherwise print -1.

Example:

Input: N = 4, arr = [[1, 2], [2, 3], [2, 4], [2, 5]]
Output: 4
Explanation: From the input we have following fight:
{1, 3, 4, 6} fighting with {2} => maximum group of soldier = 4.

Input: N = 8, arr = [[1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4], [3, 5], [6, 7], [7, 8], [7, 9], [7, 10]]
Output: 7
Explanation: From the input we have following fights:
{1, 3} fighting with {2, 4, 5} => maximum group of soldier=3
{6, 8, 9, 10} fighting with {7} => maximum group of soldier=4
Hence maximum number of soldier in an empire = 3+4 = 7

Input: N=3, arr=[[1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 1]]
Output: -1
Explanation: it is impossible to distribute 1, 2 and 3 among A and B such that there is not a fight between soldier of same empire.

Approach: Using a Bipartite graph to solve the question as discussed below:

We can create a graph from the array ‘arr‘ such that there is a bidirectional edge between arr[i][0] and arr[i][1] , then apply the Bipartite coloring on each component of the graph.

To get the answer pick the occurrence of the maximum occurring color of each component of the graph and add them together.

If in case for any component we can not color it using Bipartite coloring, then we return -1.

Illustration:

Lets suppose, N=8, arr=[[1, 2],[1, 3],[1, 4],[1, 5],[2, 6],[3, 6],[4, 6],[5, 6]]

To solve this test case, firstly we can create a graph such that there is a bidirectional edge between arr[i][0] and arr[i][1] as shown in fig-1.

After applying Bipartite coloring on the graph (as shown in fig-1) we see that vertex {1, 6} have same color(blue) and vertex {2, 3, 4, 5} have same color(yellow). Since the frequency of Yellow color is more i.e. 4>2, hence for this graph we can conclude that maximum 4 number of soldier are in same team and return 4 as our answer.

fig-1

Now let’s see a case when grouping of soldier into two empiers is immpossible and we return -1 as our answer. Suppose N=5, arr=[[1, 2],[2, 3],[3, 4],[4, 5],[5, 1]]

In this test case when when we apply Bipartite coloring (say on vertex 1) there will be 2 cases of coloring possible:

Case 1: node 4 and node 5 have same color and an edge between them.

Case 2: node 4 and node 3 have same color and an edge between them.

Both these cases are contradicting the Bipartite coloring and hence we return -1. In short Bipartite coloring is impossible for a graph having an odd length cycle. This case is clearly shown in fig-2.

fig-2

Follow the steps to solve the problem:

• Create a graph ‘g‘ such that arr[i][0] and arr[i][1] are vertices of that graph.
• Keep track of all unique vertices in an array of ‘soldiers[]‘.
• Create a ‘colr[]‘ array initialized by ‘-1′ to keep track of the color of each vertex.
• Now apply Bipartite coloring on all the vertices which are not colored yet. For each component of the graph find the maximum occurrence of the color i.e. max(zero, one) (Note: zero and one represent two colors) and add that value to the answer ‘ans‘.
• In case Bipartite coloring is not possible for any component set the ‘flag’ variable as false and return ‘-1′.

Below is the implementation of the above algorithm:

C++

// C++ code for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// one and zero are our two colors
int one, zero;

// Flag to check whether the answer
// exists or not
bool flag = true;
void BipartiteColor(int v, vector<vector<int> >& g,
                    vector<int>& colr, int paint)
{

    // if the vertex is already colored
    if (colr[v] != -1) {

        // if previous color and current paint
        // contradict each other then our answer
        // won't exist
        if (colr[v] != paint)
            flag = false;
        return;
    }

    // paint the current vertex v
    colr[v] = paint;

    // if paint is 1
    if (paint)
        one++;
    // if paint is 0
    else
        zero++;

    // Recursive calls on the child of vertex v
    for (auto child : g[v]) {

        // Giving the complementory color to the
        // child i.e. if colr[v]=1 then
        // colr[child]=0 and vice verse
        BipartiteColor(child, g, colr, !paint);
    }
}

void maximumSoldier(int N, vector<vector<int> > arr)
{
    // Creating a graph
    // taking 20001 as the upper bound
    // for unique soldiers.
    vector<vector<int> > g(20001);

    // set to store all the unique soldiers
    set<int> st;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {

        // u and v stores the soldier
        int u, v;
        u = arr[i][0];
        v = arr[i][1];

        // Initializing the graph
        g[u].push_back(v);
        g[v].push_back(u);

        // Inserting u and v into set
        st.insert(u);
        st.insert(v);
    }

    // To store all the unique
    // soldiers of set st
    vector<int> soldiers;
    for (auto e : st)
        soldiers.push_back(e);

    // Initializing the result as ans=0
    int ans = 0;

    // colr[] to apply Bipartite coloring
    vector<int> colr(20001, -1);

    // Loop for each soldier
    for (auto e : soldiers) {

        // if already colored we continue;
        if (colr[e] != -1)
            continue;

        // one and zero are our two colors.
        one = 0;
        zero = 0;

        // Applying Bipartite Coloring
        BipartiteColor(e, g, colr, 0);

        // Updating our answer
        ans += max(one, zero);
    }
    if (flag)
        cout << ans;
    else
        cout << -1;
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{

    // Input test case
    int N = 4;
    vector<vector<int> > arr
        = { { 1, 2 }, { 2, 3 }, { 2, 4 }, { 2, 5 } };

    // Function call
    maximumSoldier(N, arr);
    return 0;
}

Java

//Java code for the above approach
import java.util.*;

public class GFG {

    // one and zero are our two colors
    static int one, zero;

    // Flag to check whether the answer
    // exists or not
    static boolean flag = true;

    static void BipartiteColor(int v, List<List<Integer>> g,
                               List<Integer> colr, int paint) {

        // if the vertex is already colored
        if (colr.get(v) != -1) {

            // if previous color and current paint
            // contradict each other then our answer
            // won't exist
            if (colr.get(v) != paint)
                flag = false;
            return;
        }

        // paint the current vertex v
        colr.set(v, paint);

        // if paint is 1
        if (paint == 1)
            one++;
        // if paint is 0
        else
            zero++;

        // Recursive calls on the child of vertex v
        for (int child : g.get(v)) {

            // Giving the complementary color to the
            // child i.e. if colr[v]=1 then
            // colr[child]=0 and vice versa
            BipartiteColor(child, g, colr, (paint == 1) ? 0 : 1);
        }
    }

    static void maximumSoldier(int N, List<List<Integer>> arr) {
        // Creating a graph
        // taking 20001 as the upper bound
        // for unique soldiers.
        List<List<Integer>> g = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 20001; i++) {
            g.add(new ArrayList<>());
        }

        // set to store all the unique soldiers
        Set<Integer> st = new HashSet<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {

            // u and v stores the soldier
            int u, v;
            u = arr.get(i).get(0);
            v = arr.get(i).get(1);

            // Initializing the graph
            g.get(u).add(v);
            g.get(v).add(u);

            // Inserting u and v into set
            st.add(u);
            st.add(v);
        }

        // To store all the unique
        // soldiers of set st
        List<Integer> soldiers = new ArrayList<>(st);

        // Initializing the result as ans=0
        int ans = 0;

        // colr[] to apply Bipartite coloring
        List<Integer> colr = new ArrayList<>(Collections.nCopies(20001, -1));

        // Loop for each soldier
        for (int e : soldiers) {

            // if already colored we continue;
            if (colr.get(e) != -1)
                continue;

            // one and zero are our two colors.
            one = 0;
            zero = 0;

            // Applying Bipartite Coloring
            BipartiteColor(e, g, colr, 0);

            // Updating our answer
            ans += Math.max(one, zero);
        }
        if (flag)
            System.out.println(ans);
        else
            System.out.println(-1);
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Input test case
        int N = 4;
        List<List<Integer>> arr = new ArrayList<>();
        arr.add(Arrays.asList(1, 2));
        arr.add(Arrays.asList(2, 3));
        arr.add(Arrays.asList(2, 4));
        arr.add(Arrays.asList(2, 5));

        // Function call
        maximumSoldier(N, arr);
    }
}

Python3

# Python code for the above approach :

# Function to perform Bipartite Coloring
def bipartite_color(v, g, colr, paint):
    global one, zero, flag

    # If the vertex is already colored
    if colr[v] != -1:
        # If the previous color and current paint
        # contradict each other, then our answer
        # won't exist
        if colr[v] != paint:
            flag = False
        return

    # Paint the current vertex v
    colr[v] = paint

    # If paint is 1
    if paint:
        one += 1
    # If paint is 0
    else:
        zero += 1

    # Recursive calls on the child of vertex v
    for child in g[v]:
        # Giving the complementary color to the
        # child, i.e., if colr[v]=1 then
        # colr[child]=0 and vice versa
        bipartite_color(child, g, colr, not paint)

# Function to find the maximum number of soldiers
def maximum_soldier(N, arr):
    global one, zero, flag

    # Creating a graph with an upper bound of 20001
    g = [[] for _ in range(20001)]

    # Set to store all the unique soldiers
    st = set()

    for i in range(N):
        # u and v store the soldier
        u, v = arr[i][0], arr[i][1]

        # Initializing the graph
        g[u].append(v)
        g[v].append(u)

        # Inserting u and v into the set
        st.add(u)
        st.add(v)

    # To store all the unique soldiers from the set
    soldiers = list(st)

    # Initializing the result as ans=0
    ans = 0

    # colr[] to apply Bipartite coloring
    colr = [-1] * 20001

    # Loop for each soldier
    for e in soldiers:
        # If already colored, continue
        if colr[e] != -1:
            continue

        # one and zero are our two colors
        one = 0
        zero = 0

        # Applying Bipartite Coloring
        bipartite_color(e, g, colr, 0)

        # Updating our answer
        ans += max(one, zero)

    if flag:
        print(ans)
    else:
        print(-1)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Input test case
    N = 4
    arr = [[1, 2], [2, 3], [2, 4], [2, 5]]
    flag = True

    # Function call
    maximum_soldier(N, arr)

 # this code is contributed by uttamdp_10

C#

//Java code for the above approach

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

class GFG
{
    // one and zero are our two colors
    static int one, zero;

    // Flag to check whether the answer
    // exists or not
    static bool flag = true;

    static void BipartiteColor(int v, List<List<int>> g, List<int> colr, int paint)
    {
        // If the vertex is already colored
        if (colr[v] != -1)
        {
            // If previous color and current paint
            // contradict each other then our answer
            // won't exist
            if (colr[v] != paint)
                flag = false;
            return;
        }

        // Paint the current vertex v
        colr[v] = paint;

        // If paint is 1
        if (paint == 1)
            one++;
        // If paint is 0
        else
            zero++;

        // Recursive calls on the child of vertex v
        foreach (int child in g[v])
        {
            // Giving the complementary color to the
            // child, i.e. if colr[v] = 1 then
            // colr[child] = 0 and vice versa
            BipartiteColor(child, g, colr, (paint == 1) ? 0 : 1);
        }
    }

    static void MaximumSoldier(int N, List<List<int>> arr)
    {
        // Creating a graph
        // taking 20001 as the upper bound
        // for unique soldiers.
        List<List<int>> g = new List<List<int>>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 20001; i++)
        {
            g.Add(new List<int>());
        }

        // Set to store all the unique soldiers
        HashSet<int> st = new HashSet<int>();
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            // u and v stores the soldier
            int u, v;
            u = arr[i][0];
            v = arr[i][1];

            // Initializing the graph
            g[u].Add(v);
            g[v].Add(u);

            // Inserting u and v into set
            st.Add(u);
            st.Add(v);
        }

        // To store all the unique
        // soldiers of set st
        List<int> soldiers = st.ToList();

        // Initializing the result as ans = 0
        int ans = 0;

        // colr[] to apply Bipartite coloring
        List<int> colr = Enumerable.Repeat(-1, 20001).ToList();

        // Loop for each soldier
        foreach (int e in soldiers)
        {
            // if already colored we continue;
            if (colr[e] != -1)
                continue;

            // one and zero are our two colors.
            one = 0;
            zero = 0;

            // Applying Bipartite Coloring
            BipartiteColor(e, g, colr, 0);

            // Updating our answer
            ans += Math.Max(one, zero);
        }
        if (flag)
            Console.WriteLine(ans);
        else
            Console.WriteLine(-1);
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Input test case
        int N = 4;
        List<List<int>> arr = new List<List<int>>
        {
            new List<int> { 1, 2 },
            new List<int> { 2, 3 },
            new List<int> { 2, 4 },
            new List<int> { 2, 5 }
        };

        // Function call
        MaximumSoldier(N, arr);
    }
}

Javascript

// Bipartite graph coloring variables
let one, zero;
let flag = true;

function bipartiteColor(v, g, colr, paint) {
    // If the vertex is already colored
    if (colr[v] !== -1) {
        // If previous color and current paint contradict each other
        // then our answer won't exist
        if (colr[v] !== paint) {
            flag = false;
        }
        return;
    }

    colr[v] = paint;

    if (paint === 1) {
        one++;
    } else {
        zero++;
    }

    for (const child of g[v]) {
        // Giving the complementary color to the child
        // If colr[v] = 1, then colr[child] = 0 and vice versa
        bipartiteColor(child, g, colr, paint === 1 ? 0 : 1);
    }
}

function maximumSoldier(N, arr) {
    // Creating a graph
    const g = new Array(20001).fill(null).map(() => []);
    const st = new Set();

    for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        // u and v store the soldiers
        const u = arr[i][0];
        const v = arr[i][1];

        // Initializing the graph
        g[u].push(v);
        g[v].push(u);

        // Inserting u and v into the set
        st.add(u);
        st.add(v);
    }

    // Convert the set to an array of unique soldiers
    const soldiers = [...st];

    // Initialize the result as ans = 0
    let ans = 0;

    // Array colr[] to apply Bipartite coloring
    const colr = new Array(20001).fill(-1);

    // Loop for each soldier
    for (const e of soldiers) {
        // If already colored, continue
        if (colr[e] !== -1) {
            continue;
        }

        one = 0;
        zero = 0;

        // Applying Bipartite Coloring
        bipartiteColor(e, g, colr, 0);

        // Updating the answer
        ans += Math.max(one, zero);
    }

    if (flag) {
        console.log(ans);
    } else {
        console.log(-1);
    }
}

// Input test case
const N = 4;
const arr = [
    [1, 2],
    [2, 3],
    [2, 4],
    [2, 5]
];

// Function call
maximumSoldier(N, arr);

Output

4

Time Complexity: O(N*logN + N*(V+E)), where N is the size of arr[], V is the unique number of soldiers(vertices) and E is the total edges in the graph.

Auxiliary Space: O(V), where V is the unique number of soldiers(vertices)