Longest Consecutive Subsequence

Given an array of integers, find the length of the longest sub-sequence such that elements in the subsequence are consecutive integers, the consecutive numbers can be in any order.

Examples

Input: arr[] = {1, 9, 3, 10, 4, 20, 2};
Output: 4
The subsequence 1, 3, 4, 2 is the longest subsequence
of consecutive elements

Input: arr[] = {36, 41, 56, 35, 44, 33, 34, 92, 43, 32, 42}
Output: 5
The subsequence 36, 35, 33, 34, 32 is the longest subsequence
of consecutive elements.

Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE ” first, before moving on to the solution.

One Solution is to first sort the array and find the longest subarray with consecutive elements. Time complexity of this solution is O(nLogn). Thanks to Hao.W for suggesting this solution.

We can solve this problem in O(n) time using an Efficient Solution. The idea is to use Hashing. We first insert all elements in a Hash. Then check all the possible starts of consecutive subsequences. Below is complete algorithm.

1) Create an empty hash.
2) Insert all array elements to hash.
3) Do following for every element arr[i]
....a) Check if this element is the starting point of a 
       subsequence.  To check this, we simply look for
       arr[i] - 1 in hash, if not found, then this is
       the first element a subsequence.  
    
       If this element is a first element, then count 
       number of elements in the consecutive starting 
       with this element.

       If count is more than current res, then update    
       res.

Below is the implementation of above algorithm.

C/C++

// C++ program to find longest contiguous subsequence 
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// Returns length of the longest contiguous subsequence 
int findLongestConseqSubseq(int arr[], int n) 
{ 
    unordered_set<int> S; 
    int ans = 0; 
  
    // Hash all the array elements 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        S.insert(arr[i]); 
  
    // check each possible sequence from the start 
    // then update optimal length 
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++) 
    { 
        // if current element is the starting 
        // element of a sequence 
        if (S.find(arr[i]-1) == S.end()) 
        { 
            // Then check for next elements in the 
            // sequence 
            int j = arr[i]; 
            while (S.find(j) != S.end()) 
                j++; 
  
            // update  optimal length if this length 
            // is more 
            ans = max(ans, j - arr[i]); 
        } 
    } 
    return ans; 
} 
  
// Driver program 
int main() 
{ 
    int arr[] =  {1, 9, 3, 10, 4, 20, 2}; 
    int n = sizeof arr/ sizeof arr[0]; 
    cout << "Length of the Longest contiguous subsequence is "
         << findLongestConseqSubseq(arr, n); 
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to find longest consecutive subsequence 
import java.io.*; 
import java.util.*; 
  
class ArrayElements 
{ 
    // Returns length of the longest consecutive subsequence 
    static int findLongestConseqSubseq(int arr[],int n) 
    { 
        HashSet<Integer> S = new HashSet<Integer>(); 
        int ans = 0; 
  
        // Hash all the array elements 
        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) 
            S.add(arr[i]); 
  
        // check each possible sequence from the start 
        // then update optimal length 
        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) 
        { 
            // if current element is the starting 
            // element of a sequence 
            if (!S.contains(arr[i]-1)) 
            { 
                // Then check for next elements in the 
                // sequence 
                int j = arr[i]; 
                while (S.contains(j)) 
                    j++; 
  
                // update  optimal length if this length 
                // is more 
                if (ans<j-arr[i]) 
                    ans = j-arr[i]; 
            } 
        } 
        return ans; 
    } 
  
    // Testing program 
    public static void main(String args[]) 
    { 
        int arr[] =  {1, 9, 3, 10, 4, 20, 2}; 
        int n = arr.length; 
        System.out.println("Length of the Longest consecutive subsequence is " + 
                           findLongestConseqSubseq(arr,n)); 
    } 
} 
// This code is contributed by Aakash Hasija 

Python

# Python program to find longest contiguous subsequence 
  
from sets import Set
def findLongestConseqSubseq(arr, n): 
  
    s = Set() 
    ans=0
  
    # Hash all the array elements 
    for ele in arr: 
        s.add(ele) 
  
    # check each possible sequence from the start 
    # then update optimal length 
    for i in range(n): 
  
         # if current element is the starting 
        # element of a sequence 
        if (arr[i]-1) not in s: 
  
            # Then check for next elements in the 
            # sequence 
            j=arr[i] 
            while(j in s): 
                j+=1
  
            # update  optimal length if this length 
            # is more 
            ans=max(ans, j-arr[i]) 
    return ans 
  
# Driver function  
if __name__=='__main__': 
    n = 7
    arr = [1, 9, 3, 10, 4, 20, 2] 
    print "Length of the Longest contiguous subsequence is ",  
    print  findLongestConseqSubseq(arr, n) 
          
# Contributed by: Harshit Sidhwa 

C#

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
  
// C# program to find longest consecutive subsequence  
  
public class ArrayElements 
{ 
    // Returns length of the longest consecutive subsequence  
    public static int findLongestConseqSubseq(int[] arr, int n) 
    { 
        HashSet<int> S = new HashSet<int>(); 
        int ans = 0; 
  
        // Hash all the array elements  
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) 
        { 
            S.Add(arr[i]); 
        } 
  
        // check each possible sequence from the start  
        // then update optimal length  
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) 
        { 
            // if current element is the starting  
            // element of a sequence  
            if (!S.Contains(arr[i] - 1)) 
            { 
                // Then check for next elements in the  
                // sequence  
                int j = arr[i]; 
                while (S.Contains(j)) 
                { 
                    j++; 
                } 
  
                // update  optimal length if this length  
                // is more  
                if (ans < j - arr[i]) 
                { 
                    ans = j - arr[i]; 
                } 
            } 
        } 
        return ans; 
    } 
  
    // Testing program  
    public static void Main(string[] args) 
    { 
        int[] arr = new int[] {1, 9, 3, 10, 4, 20, 2}; 
        int n = arr.Length; 
        Console.WriteLine("Length of the Longest consecutive subsequence is " + findLongestConseqSubseq(arr,n)); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by Shrikant13 

Output:

Length of the Longest contiguous subsequence is 4

Time Complexity: At first look, time complexity looks more than O(n). If we take a closer look, we can notice that it is O(n) under the assumption that hash insert and search take O(1) time. The function S.find() inside the while loop is called at most twice for every element. For example, consider the case when all array elements are consecutive. In this case, the outer find is called for every element, but we go inside the if condition only for the smallest element. Once we are inside the if condition, we call find() one more time for every other element.

Thanks to Gaurav Ahirwar for above solution.

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