Left rotate digits of node values of all levels of a Binary Tree in increasing order

Given a Binary Tree, the task is to modify the Tree by left rotating every node any number of times such that every level consists of node values in increasing order from left to right. If it is not possible to arrange node values of any level in increasing order, then print “-1”.

Examples:

Input:
341
                         /   \
                   241  123
                  /  \          \
            324  235   161
Output:
          341
                           /   \
                     124   231
                      /  \         \
                243  352  611
Explanation:
Level 1: The value of the root node is 341, having all digits sorted.
Level 2: The node values are 241 and 123. Left rotating 241 twice and 231 once modifies the node values to 124 and 231.
Level 3: The node values are 342, 235 and 161. Left rotating digits of 342 once, 235 once and 161 once modifies the node values to {243, 352, 611} respectively.

Input:
12
                       /   \
                   89  15

Output: -1

Approach: The given problem can be solved by performing Level Order Traversal and left rotating the digits of node values to make values every level in increasing order. Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

• Initialize a queue, say Q that is used to perform the level order traversal.
• Push the root node of the tree in the queue.
• Iterate until the queue is not empty and perform the following steps:
  • Find the size of the queue and store it in variable L.
  • Initialize a variable, say prev that is used to store the previous element in the current level of the tree.
  • Iterate over the range [0, L] and perform the following steps:
    • Pop the front node of the queue and store it in a variable, say temp.
    • Now, left shift the element temp and if there exists any permutation which is greater than prev and closer to prev then update the current node’s value as the value of the temp.
  • Update the value of prev to the current value of temp.
  • If the temp has left or right child then push it into the queue.
• After the above steps, if the current set of nodes has not ordered in increasing order, then print “No”. Otherwise, check for the next iteration.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

// TreeNode class
struct TreeNode
{
    int val;
    TreeNode* left,*right;

    TreeNode(int v)
    {
        val = v;
        left = NULL;
        right = NULL;
    }
};

// Function to check if the nodes
// are in increasing order or not
bool isInc(TreeNode *root)
{

    // Perform Level Order Traversal
    queue<TreeNode*> que;
    que.push(root);

    while (true)
    {

        // Current length of queue
        int length = que.size();

        // If queue is empty
        if (length == 0)
            break;

        auto pre = que.front();

        // Level order traversal
        while (length > 0)
        {

            // Pop element from
            // front of the queue
            auto temp = que.front();
            que.pop();

            // If previous value exceeds
            // current value, return false
            if (pre->val > temp->val)
                return false;

            pre = temp;
            if (temp->left)
                que.push(temp->left);

            if (temp->right)
                que.push(temp->right);

            length -= 1;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

// Function to print the Tree
// after modification
void levelOrder(TreeNode *root)
{

    // Performs level
    // order traversal
    queue<TreeNode*> que;
    que.push(root);

    while (true)
    {

        // Calculate size of the queue
        int length = que.size();

        if (length == 0)
            break;

        // Iterate until queue is empty
        while (length)
        {
            auto temp = que.front();
            que.pop();
            cout << temp->val << " ";

            if (temp->left)
                que.push(temp->left);

            if (temp->right)
                que.push(temp->right);

            length -= 1;
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

// Function to arrange node values
// of each level in increasing order
void makeInc(TreeNode *root)
{

    // Perform level order traversal
    queue<TreeNode*> que;
    que.push(root);

    while (true)
    {

        // Calculate length of queue
        int length = que.size();

        // If queue is empty
        if (length == 0)
            break;

        int prev = -1;

        // Level order traversal
        while (length > 0)
        {
            //cout<<"loop";

            // Pop element from
            // front of the queue
            auto temp = que.front();
            que.pop();

            // Initialize the optimal
            // element by the initial
            // element
            auto optEle = temp->val;
            auto strEle = to_string(temp->val);

            // Check for all left
            // shift operations
            bool flag = true;
            int yy = strEle.size();
            for(int idx = 0; idx < strEle.size(); idx++)
            {

                // Left shift
                int ls = stoi(strEle.substr(idx, yy) +
                              strEle.substr(0, idx));

                if (ls >= prev and flag)
                {
                    optEle = ls;
                    flag = false;
                }

                // If the current shifting
                // gives optimal solution
                if (ls >= prev)
                    optEle = min(optEle, ls);
            }

            // Replacing initial element
            // by the optimal element
            temp->val = optEle;
            prev = temp->val;

            // Push the LST
            if (temp->left)
                que.push(temp->left);

            // Push the RST
            if (temp->right)
                que.push(temp->right);

            length -= 1;
        }
    }

    // Print the result
    if (isInc(root))
        levelOrder(root);
    else
        cout << (-1);
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(341);
    root->left = new TreeNode(241);
    root->right = new TreeNode(123);
    root->left->left = new TreeNode(324);
    root->left->right = new TreeNode(235);
    root->right->right = new TreeNode(161);

    makeInc(root);
}

// This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29

Java

// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;

class GFG{

// TreeNode class
static class TreeNode
{
    public int val;
    public TreeNode left,right;
};

static TreeNode newNode(int v)
{
    TreeNode temp = new TreeNode();
    temp.val = v;
    temp.left = temp.right = null;
    return temp;
}

// Function to check if the nodes
// are in increasing order or not
static boolean isInc(TreeNode root)
{

    // Perform Level Order Traversal
    Queue<TreeNode> que = new LinkedList<>();
    que.add(root);

    while (true)
    {

        // Current len of queue
        int len = que.size();

        // If queue is empty
        if (len == 0)
            break;

        TreeNode pre = que.peek();

        // Level order traversal
        while (len > 0)
        {

            // Pop element from
            // front of the queue
            TreeNode temp = que.peek();
            que.poll();

            // If previous value exceeds
            // current value, return false
            if (pre.val > temp.val)
                return false;

            pre = temp;
            if (temp.left != null)
                que.add(temp.left);

            if (temp.right != null)
                que.add(temp.right);

            len -= 1;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

// Function to print the Tree
// after modification
static void levelOrder(TreeNode root)
{

    // Performs level
    // order traversal
    Queue<TreeNode> que = new LinkedList<>();
    que.add(root);

    while (true)
    {

        // Calculate size of the queue
        int len = que.size();

        if (len == 0)
            break;

        // Iterate until queue is empty
        while (len > 0)
        {
            TreeNode temp = que.peek();
            que.poll();
            System.out.print(temp.val+" ");

            if (temp.left != null)
                que.add(temp.left);

            if (temp.right != null)
                que.add(temp.right);

            len -= 1;
        }
       System.out.println();
    }
    System.out.println();
}

// Function to arrange node values
// of each level in increasing order
static void makeInc(TreeNode root)
{

    // Perform level order traversal
    Queue<TreeNode> que = new LinkedList<>();
    que.add(root);

    while (true)
    {

        // Calculate len of queue
        int len = que.size();

        // If queue is empty
        if (len == 0)
            break;

        int prev = -1;

        // Level order traversal
        while (len > 0)
        {

            //cout<<"loop";

            // Pop element from
            // front of the queue
            TreeNode temp = que.peek();
            que.poll();

            // Initialize the optimal
            // element by the initial
            // element
            int optEle = temp.val;
            String strEle = String.valueOf(optEle);

            // Check for all left
            // shift operations
            boolean flag = true;
            int yy = strEle.length();

            for(int idx = 0; idx < strEle.length(); idx++)
            {

                // Left shift
                String s1 = strEle.substring(idx, yy);
                String s2 = strEle.substring(0, idx);
                String s = s1+ s2;
                int ls = Integer.valueOf(s);

                if (ls >= prev && flag)
                {
                    optEle = ls;
                    flag = false;
                }

                // If the current shifting
                // gives optimal solution
                if (ls >= prev)
                    optEle = Math.min(optEle, ls);
            }

            // Replacing initial element
            // by the optimal element
            temp.val = optEle;
            prev = temp.val;

            // Push the LST
            if (temp.left != null)
                que.add(temp.left);

            // Push the RST
            if (temp.right != null)
                que.add(temp.right);

            len -= 1;
        }
    }

    // Print the result
    if (isInc(root) == true)
        levelOrder(root);
    else
       System.out.print(-1);
}

// Driver code
public static void main (String[] args)
{
    TreeNode root = newNode(341);
    root.left = newNode(241);
    root.right = newNode(123);
    root.left.left = newNode(324);
    root.left.right = newNode(235);
    root.right.right = newNode(161);

    makeInc(root);
}
}

// This code is contributed by offbeat

Python3

# Python3 program for the above approach

# TreeNode class
class TreeNode:
    def __init__(self, val = 0, left = None, right = None):
        self.val = val
        self.left = left
        self.right = right

# Function to check if the nodes
# are in increasing order or not
def isInc(root):

    # Perform Level Order Traversal
    que = [root]
    while True:

        # Current length of queue
        length = len(que)

        # If queue is empty
        if not length:
            break
        pre = que[0]

        # Level order traversal
        while length:

            # Pop element from
            # front of the queue
            temp = que.pop(0)

            # If previous value exceeds
            # current value, return false
            if pre.val > temp.val:
                return False

            pre = temp
            if temp.left:
                que.append(temp.left)

            if temp.right:
                que.append(temp.right)

            length -= 1

    return True

# Function to arrange node values
# of each level in increasing order
def makeInc(root):

    # Perform level order traversal
    que = [root]
    while True:

        # Calculate length of queue
        length = len(que)

        # If queue is empty
        if not length:
            break
        prev = -1

        # Level order traversal
        while length:

            # Pop element from
            # front of the queue
            temp = que.pop(0)

            # Initialize the optimal
            # element by the initial
            # element
            optEle = temp.val
            strEle = str(temp.val)

            # Check for all left
            # shift operations
            flag = True
            for idx in range(len(strEle)):

                # Left shift
                ls = int(strEle[idx:] + strEle[:idx])

                if ls >= prev and flag:
                    optEle = ls
                    flag = False

                # If the current shifting
                # gives optimal solution
                if ls >= prev:
                    optEle = min(optEle, ls)

            # Replacing initial element
            # by the optimal element
            temp.val = optEle
            prev = temp.val

            # Push the LST
            if temp.left:
                que.append(temp.left)

            # Push the RST
            if temp.right:
                que.append(temp.right)
            length -= 1

    # Print the result
    if isInc(root):
        levelOrder(root)
    else:
        print(-1)


# Function to print the Tree
# after modification
def levelOrder(root):

    # Performs level
    # order traversal
    que = [root]
    while True:

        # Calculate size of the queue
        length = len(que)

        if not length:
            break

        # Iterate until queue is empty
        while length:
            temp = que.pop(0)
            print(temp.val, end =' ')

            if temp.left:
                que.append(temp.left)

            if temp.right:
                que.append(temp.right)
            length -= 1
        print()


# Driver Code
root = TreeNode(341)
root.left = TreeNode(241)
root.right = TreeNode(123)
root.left.left = TreeNode(324)
root.left.right = TreeNode(235)
root.right.right = TreeNode(161)

makeInc(root)

C#

// C# program for the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class GFG{

// TreeNode class
class TreeNode
{
    public int val;
    public TreeNode left,right;
};

static TreeNode newNode(int v)
{
    TreeNode temp = new TreeNode();
    temp.val = v;
    temp.left = temp.right = null;
    return temp;
}

// Function to check if the nodes
// are in increasing order or not
static bool isInc(TreeNode root)
{

    // Perform Level Order Traversal
    Queue<TreeNode> que = new Queue<TreeNode>();
    que.Enqueue(root);

    while (true)
    {

        // Current len of queue
        int len = que.Count;

        // If queue is empty
        if (len == 0)
            break;

        TreeNode pre = que.Peek();

        // Level order traversal
        while (len > 0)
        {

            // Pop element from
            // front of the queue
            TreeNode temp = que.Peek();
            que.Dequeue();

            // If previous value exceeds
            // current value, return false
            if (pre.val > temp.val)
                return false;

            pre = temp;
            if (temp.left != null)
                que.Enqueue(temp.left);

            if (temp.right != null)
                que.Enqueue(temp.right);

            len -= 1;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

// Function to print the Tree
// after modification
static void levelOrder(TreeNode root)
{

    // Performs level
    // order traversal
    Queue<TreeNode> que = new Queue<TreeNode>();
    que.Enqueue(root);

    while (true)
    {

        // Calculate size of the queue
        int len = que.Count;

        if (len == 0)
            break;

        // Iterate until queue is empty
        while (len > 0)
        {
            TreeNode temp = que.Peek();
            que.Dequeue();
            Console.Write(temp.val+" ");

            if (temp.left != null)
                que.Enqueue(temp.left);

            if (temp.right != null)
                que.Enqueue(temp.right);

            len -= 1;
        }
        Console.Write("\n");
    }
     Console.Write("\n");
}

// Function to arrange node values
// of each level in increasing order
static void makeInc(TreeNode root)
{

    // Perform level order traversal
    Queue<TreeNode> que = new Queue<TreeNode>();
    que.Enqueue(root);

    while (true)
    {

        // Calculate len of queue
        int len = que.Count;

        // If queue is empty
        if (len == 0)
            break;

        int prev = -1;

        // Level order traversal
        while (len > 0)
        {

            //cout<<"loop";

            // Pop element from
            // front of the queue
            TreeNode temp = que.Peek();
            que.Dequeue();

            // Initialize the optimal
            // element by the initial
            // element
            int optEle = temp.val;
            string strEle = optEle.ToString();

            // Check for all left
            // shift operations
            bool flag = true;
            int yy = strEle.Length;

            for(int idx = 0; idx < strEle.Length; idx++)
            {

                // Left shift
                string s1 = strEle.Substring(idx, yy - idx);
                string s2 = strEle.Substring(0, idx);
                string s = String.Concat(s1, s2);
                int ls = Int32.Parse(s);

                if (ls >= prev && flag)
                {
                    optEle = ls;
                    flag = false;
                }

                // If the current shifting
                // gives optimal solution
                if (ls >= prev)
                    optEle = Math.Min(optEle, ls);
            }

            // Replacing initial element
            // by the optimal element
            temp.val = optEle;
            prev = temp.val;

            // Push the LST
            if (temp.left != null)
                que.Enqueue(temp.left);

            // Push the RST
            if (temp.right != null)
                que.Enqueue(temp.right);

            len -= 1;
        }
    }

    // Print the result
    if (isInc(root) == true)
        levelOrder(root);
    else
        Console.Write(-1);
}

// Driver Code
public static void Main()
{
    TreeNode root = newNode(341);
    root.left = newNode(241);
    root.right = newNode(123);
    root.left.left = newNode(324);
    root.left.right = newNode(235);
    root.right.right = newNode(161);

    makeInc(root);
}
}

// This code is contributed by ipg2016107

Javascript

<script>
// Javascript program for the above approach

// TreeNode class
class Node
{
    constructor(v)
    {
        this.val=v;
        this.left=this.right=null;
    }
}

// Function to check if the nodes
// are in increasing order or not
function isInc(root)
{
    // Perform Level Order Traversal
    let que = [];
    que.push(root);

    while (true)
    {

        // Current len of queue
        let len = que.length;

        // If queue is empty
        if (len == 0)
            break;

        let pre = que[0];

        // Level order traversal
        while (len > 0)
        {

            // Pop element from
            // front of the queue
            let temp = que[0];
            que.shift();

            // If previous value exceeds
            // current value, return false
            if (pre.val > temp.val)
                return false;

            pre = temp;
            if (temp.left != null)
                que.push(temp.left);

            if (temp.right != null)
                que.push(temp.right);

            len -= 1;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

// Function to print the Tree
// after modification
function levelOrder(root)
{
    // Performs level
    // order traversal
    let que = [];
    que.push(root);

    while (true)
    {

        // Calculate size of the queue
        let len = que.length;

        if (len == 0)
            break;

        // Iterate until queue is empty
        while (len > 0)
        {
            let temp = que[0];
            que.shift();
            document.write(temp.val+" ");

            if (temp.left != null)
                que.push(temp.left);

            if (temp.right != null)
                que.push(temp.right);

            len -= 1;
        }
       document.write("<br>");
    }
    document.write("<br>");
}

// Function to arrange node values
// of each level in increasing order
function makeInc(root)
{
    // Perform level order traversal
    let que = [];
    que.push(root);

    while (true)
    {

        // Calculate len of queue
        let len = que.length;

        // If queue is empty
        if (len == 0)
            break;

        let prev = -1;

        // Level order traversal
        while (len > 0)
        {

            //cout<<"loop";

            // Pop element from
            // front of the queue
            let temp = que[0];
            que.shift();

            // Initialize the optimal
            // element by the initial
            // element
            let optEle = temp.val;
            let strEle = (optEle).toString();

            // Check for all left
            // shift operations
            let flag = true;
            let yy = strEle.length;

            for(let idx = 0; idx < strEle.length; idx++)
            {

                // Left shift
                let s1 = strEle.substring(idx, yy);
                let s2 = strEle.substring(0, idx);
                let s = s1+ s2;
                let ls = parseInt(s);

                if (ls >= prev && flag)
                {
                    optEle = ls;
                    flag = false;
                }

                // If the current shifting
                // gives optimal solution
                if (ls >= prev)
                    optEle = Math.min(optEle, ls);
            }

            // Replacing initial element
            // by the optimal element
            temp.val = optEle;
            prev = temp.val;

            // Push the LST
            if (temp.left != null)
                que.push(temp.left);

            // Push the RST
            if (temp.right != null)
                que.push(temp.right);

            len -= 1;
        }
    }

    // Print the result
    if (isInc(root) == true)
        levelOrder(root);
    else
       document.write(-1);
}

// Driver code
let root = new Node(341);
root.left = new Node(241);
root.right = new Node(123);
root.left.left = new Node(324);
root.left.right = new Node(235);
root.right.right = new Node(161);

makeInc(root);


// This code is contributed by patel2127
</script>

Output:

134 
124 231 
243 352 611

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)