Discover the Top 10 Singapore export products and delve into the Global pearl production ranking with insights on the Largest pearl producers in the world, Major pearl exporters globally, and Leading countries in pearl farming for 2024.
The top 10 largest pearl producing countries in the world are China, Japan, India, Indonesia, Australia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, and Tahiti. China is the world’s largest producer of cultured freshwater pearls and produces 95% of the world’s freshwater pearls accounting for over 80% of global exports. The global pearl jewellery market is expected to grow at a considerable rate between 2024 and 2031.
In 2021, the top exporters of pearls were Japan ($164M), Indonesia ($83.1M), China ($69.1M), Hong Kong ($55.8M), and Australia ($46.1M) and the top importers of pearls were Hong Kong ($196M), Japan ($167M), United States ($66.1M), Australia ($25.6M) and China ($24.6M).
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In this article, we will discuss the list of top 10 largest pearl producing countries in 2023, along with a detailed explanation of each country.
About the Largest Pearl Producing Countries in the World
From the pristine waters of Australia to the traditional pearl farms of Japan, each country brings its unique contributions to the industry. China is the world’s top producer of pearls, followed by Japan, Australia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. China is known for its freshwater pearls, while Japan is famous for its Akoya pearls. Akoya pearls are saltwater cultured pearls that are cultivated in the seas of Japan. Akoya pearls are famous for their luster, which is sometimes described as metallic. Australia and Indonesia are major producers of South Sea pearls, while the Philippines is known for its golden South Sea pearls.
Other countries that produce pearls include Indonesia, the Philippines, Cook Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Mexico. The pearl industry has been around for centuries, and pearls have been prized for their beauty and rarity. Today, pearls are still a popular choice for jewelry, and they are also used in other decorative items.
List of Top 10 Largest Pearl Producing Countries in the World
The table contains the list of the top 10 pearl-producing countries:
| Rank |
Country |
Contribution to the Global Pearl Market |
| 1 |
China |
Over 70% – Emphasis on freshwater pearls |
| 2 |
Japan |
Around 10% – Specialization in Akoya pearls |
| 3 |
India |
Approximately 5% – Varied production of freshwater and saltwater pearls |
| 4 |
Indonesia |
Approximately 5% – Notable for South Sea pearls |
| 5 |
Australia |
Significant producer of South Sea pearls |
| 6 |
Philippines |
Contributes to the global market with a variety of pearls |
| 7 |
Vietnam |
Emerging player with a focus on freshwater pearls |
| 8 |
Thailand |
Contributes to the global market with freshwater pearls |
| 9 |
Myanmar |
Significant contributor to the pearl industry |
| 10 |
Tahiti |
Renowned for distinctive black pearls |
Largest Pearl Producing Country – China
China is the world’s largest producer of cultured pearls. China has been farming pearls for over 1,000 years, and developed the technology for freshwater pearl culture about 2,000 years ago. China’s pearl production has increased significantly since the 1990s, and in 2010 it produced 20 tonnes of marine cultured pearls and 1,500 tonnes of freshwater cultured pearls.
- China produces more than 98% of the world’s pearls, with 99.5% of that being freshwater pearls.
- China’s saltwater pearl industry is located in the provinces of Guangdong, Guanxi, and Hainan. Guangdong is the leader in saltwater pearl production, producing about 12 tons of pearls per year, while Guanxi produces about 8–10 tons.
- The small town of Shanxiahu in Zhuji, Zhejiang province is known as the “pearl capital of China”.
- China’s freshwater pearl production is concentrated in the southern provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Hunan. Commercial freshwater pearl culture began in 1968 in the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and is now produced mostly in these provinces, as well as Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujiang, Hunan, and Hubei.
Second Largest Pearl Producing Country – Japan
Japan is the origin of the pearl farming industry, which has grown into a global industry. Japan produces the majority of Akoya Pearls, which come in a variety of colors such as white, pink, green, and rose. Japan has developed an intricate nucleation process that other global operations, including Australia, the Philippines, Indonesia, French Polynesia, and China, have since adopted
- The average annual value of pearl production in Japan is $127 million.
- Japan produces about 13.2 tons of pearls every year.
- In the first half of 2023, Japan’s pearl exports were valued at ¥22.3 billion, a 129.3% increase from the same period in 2022. In November 2023, Japan’s exports accounted for ¥5.23 billion, while imports accounted for ¥7.05 billion, resulting in a negative trade balance of ¥1.82 billion.
Third Largest Pearl Producing Country – India
India is the world’s largest exporter of pearls, followed by China and Germany. In 2022, India exported $26.2 billion worth of precious and semi-precious jewelry, including pearls. India’s pearl exports are primarily sent to the United States, Austria, and the United Arab Emirates. India also imports pearls from countries such as Hong Kong, China, Japan, Thailand, and the United States.
- India’s pearl oysters can be found in the Gulf of Mannar and the Gulf of Kutch. The Gulf of Mannar has the most oyster resources. India’s freshwater mussels, such as Lamellidens marginalis, L. corrianus, and Parreysia corrugata, produce good quality pearls.
- The first cultured pearl in India was produced in 1973 at the Pearl Culture Laboratory of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute.
- Hyderabad is considered the main pearl trading center in India, and is known as the “City of Pearls”
Fourth Largest Pearl Producing Country – Indonesia
Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of white and golden South Sea pearls. Indonesia has been the world’s biggest South Sea pearl producer since 2005, accounting for around 50% of the world’s pearl production. Indonesia produces about 4 tons of cultured pearls per year from the Pinctada maxima oyster, the world’s largest pearl oyster. Indonesia’s archipelago provides an ideal environment for the production of high-quality pearls.
- In 2021, Indonesia exported ten metric tons of pearls and was the third largest exporter of pearls, behind Japan and China.
- The Nusa Tenggara region of Lombok is Indonesia’s largest producer of high-quality South Sea pearls. The West Nusa Tenggara region of Lombok is known for its “golden pearls” from the Gold-Lipped oyster.
- Indonesia is also a leading source of saltwater cultured pearls, along with Australia and the Philippines.
- In 2022, the value of pearl exports was $54.65 million, and in 2023, the export of pearl commodities reached 7,132 kg with a value of $74.47 million.
Fifth Largest Pearl Producing Country – Australia
Australia is a leader in the production and design of pearls. The country is the world leader in value for South Sea pearls, with a market share of nearly 50%. Australia’s pearl farms produce almost three tonnes of white South Sea pearls per year. Australia’s pearling industry has a long history. Australia’s pearling industry produces some of the world’s most valuable cultured pearls, including the largest, whitest, and most lustrous pearls. Paspaley Pearls has the largest operation in the region.
- Australia is also the leader in pearl value, with a market share of almost 50%.
- The Kimberley region in the North-West of Australia is ideal for growing South Sea Pearls. The remoteness of the area protects the oysters from contamination and other unfavorable conditions. The area also has large tidal variations, which provide the oysters with a constant supply of nutrients.
- The Kimberley region’s largest town is Broome, which is the traditional home of Australia’s Pearling industry. Broome is now the center for the cultured pearl industry, and Paspaley Pearls has the largest operation.
Sixth Largest Pearl Producing Country – Philippines
The Philippines produces about 15% of the world’s South Sea pearls, which is about 3,700 lbs. The Philippines is known for its golden South Sea pearls and also produces white South Sea pearls. Most of the pearl farming in the Philippines is located on the island of Palawan.
- The Philippines is also known for producing white South Sea pearls. The Pinctada maxima, a species of pearl oyster and source of Philippine South Sea pearls, was declared the national gem in 1996.
- The Philippines are a traditional source of natural pearls and shells. The Badjao people are well known for their diving skills and the search for rare natural pearls.
- All commercial pearl production in the Philippines is hatchery-based, and the industry is supplied by at least 36 hatcheries. Since 1999, the production of South Sea pearls from around 30 farms in the Philippines has increased from approximately 0.5 tonnes to 2 tonnes a year.
Seventh Largest Pearl Producing Country – Vietnam
Vietnam has been commercially producing saltwater cultured pearls since the 1990s. Vietnam’s pearl farms are primarily located in the northern and southern parts of the country, in areas with calm, clean water rich in plankton. Some of the most famous pearl farms are located in Ha Long Bay and Phu Quoc Island.
- Vietnam’s pearl production is estimated to be around 2,000 kg per year.
- Vietnam is known for producing some of the finest Akoya pearls, which are rare and blue in color. The majority of Vietnam’s pearls are akoya, with a smaller quantity of Pinctada maxima.
- The country’s pearl products are mainly exported to China, Japan, India, and the United States.
- In 2021, Vietnam exported $50.1M in pearl products, making it the 8th largest exporter of pearl products in the world.
- Vietnam also cultures sea pearls in mussels living in the southern Pacific Ocean.
Eight Largest Pearl Producing Country – Thailand
Thailand is not a major producer of pearls, but it is a key part of the global pearl industry. Phuket, Thailand, is home to the largest pearl farm in the country, Phuket Pearl, which started pearl farming in 1967. Phuket is also considered one of the best places in the world for pearl breeding.
- Thailand produces three types of pearls: Mabe, also known as blister pearls, these develop in the Penquin clamshell over the course of a year, Akoya: These pearls are grown in pearl oysters called Vulgaris, and the cultivation period may last from six months to 2 years. and South Sea: These pearls are among the largest, with diameters ranging from 9 to 20 mm. Pearl formation takes about 2-3 years
- In 2021, Thailand exported $138 million in pearl products, making it the third largest exporter of pearl products in the world. Thailand also produces small-scale pearl production, along with northern Vietnam and southwestern China.
Ninth Largest Pearl Producing Country – Myanmar
Myanmar produces both freshwater and saltwater pearls. It is known for its Golden South Sea pearls, and in the 1800s, the Salon or Moken people, also known as “sea gypsies,” dived for natural pearls around the 800 islands of the Myeik Archipelago in the far south of the country.
- Myanmar produces all types of pearl oysters, including: Pinctada maxima, Pinctada margaritifera, Pinctada fucata, mabe, Pteria penguin.
- In 1954, a Japanese pearl company and the Burmese government set up the first pearl farm on Sir Malcolm Island.
- In 1997, the Myanmar Tasaki Company has had a contract to operate pearl farms on more than 4,200 acres of land and water, particularly on Domel Island. At present, they have expanded to 10,000 acres of pearl cultivation
- Myanmar’s pearls are popular with international buyers because of their large size, thick layer, and bright color.
- China remains the key foreign market for cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones exports from Myanmar.
Tenth Largest Pearl Producing Country – Tahiti
French Polynesia, including Tahiti, produces 12.9 metric tons of marine cultured pearls annually. Tahitian pearls are French Polynesia’s largest export, making up over 55 percent of the country’s annual exports of $20 million. Tahitian pearls are some of the rarest, most valuable, and most expensive pearls on the planet. Tahitian pearls are among the world’s largest pearls, ranging in size from 8–18 mm. They are known for their dark body colors, rainbow of overtones, and iridescent, vibrant, almost metallic colors.
- Tahitian pearls are cultured in the saltwater pinctada margaritifera black-lipped oyster, which is native to the French Polynesian island chain.
- A single, large, top quality Tahitian pearl can cost anywhere from $150 – $2000+ USD, while Tahitian pearl jewelry often ranges from $200 USD to $20,000+ USD.
Top 10 Pearl Producing Countries
- China: Dominates freshwater pearl farming.
- Japan: Renowned for high-quality Akoya pearls.
- Australia: Leading producer of South Sea pearls.
- Philippines: Known for beautiful golden South Sea pearls.
- Indonesia: A major player in South Sea pearl production.
- Tahiti (French Polynesia): Famous for exotic black pearls.
- Vietnam: Emerging producer of high-quality pearls.
- Thailand: Specializes in cultured freshwater pearls.
- Myanmar: Known for South Sea pearls.
- India: Increasing production of freshwater pearls.
Largest Pearl Producers in the World
- China: Largest producer, especially of freshwater pearls.
- Japan: Pioneered pearl farming; famous for quality.
- Australia: Top producer of luxurious South Sea pearls.
World’s Biggest Pearl Producing Countries
- China: Leads in volume and variety.
- Japan: High-quality pearls with a long history.
- Australia: Known for large, high-value South Sea pearls.
Major Pearl Exporters Globally
- Japan: Exports high-quality pearls worldwide.
- Australia: Major exporter of South Sea pearls.
- Tahiti: Known for exporting unique black pearls.
Pearl Production by Country
- China: Massive production of freshwater pearls.
- Australia: Specializes in South Sea pearl production.
- Philippines: Significant producer of golden South Sea pearls.
Leading Countries in Pearl Farming
- Japan: Innovator of modern pearl farming techniques.
- China: Extensive freshwater pearl farming.
- Australia: Pristine environments for South Sea pearl farming.
Top Pearl Producing Nations 2024
- China: Continues to lead in pearl production.
- Japan: Maintains its reputation for quality pearls.
- Australia: Dominates the South Sea pearl market.
Global Pearl Production Ranking
- China: #1 in global pearl production.
- Japan: Remains a leader in quality pearl production.
- Australia: Strong presence in the luxury pearl segment.
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Conclusion – Top 10 Largest Pearl Producing Countries in the World
The top 10 pearl-producing countries in the world play a crucial role in shaping the global pearl market. The cultivation of pearls not only serves as a source of economic prosperity but also preserves cultural heritage and promotes sustainable practices in marine environments. As consumer demand for pearls continues to rise, these countries must balance commercial interests with environmental conservation to ensure the long-term viability of pearl production. Through continued innovation, collaboration, and stewardship, these nations can maintain their positions at the forefront of the pearl industry, providing exquisite treasures for generations to come.
Top 10 Largest Pearl Producing Countries in the World – FAQs
Which country is the largest producer of pearls?
China is currently one of the largest producers of cultured pearls in the world.
What are the top pearl exporting countries in 2023?
The top pearl exporters in 2023 were Japan, China, Indonesia, Australia, and French Polynesia.
Are there any pearl producers in the USA?
Yes, the USA, particularly Hawaii and California, is involved in pearl production, focusing on spat raising and mabé pearl production.
Which countries are known for innovative pearl companies?
Countries like France (French Polynesia) and China (Shenzhen) are home to some of the most innovative pearl companies, according to the Hurun report.
What are the major cultured pearl producing countries?
Major cultured pearl producing countries include China, Japan, Australia, Indonesia, French Polynesia, Cook Islands, Philippines, and India.
Which country is the largest producer of pearls?
Japan is the world’s leading producer of marine pearls. Japan has been a major pearl producer for over a century and is known for its high-quality Akoya pearls.
Which country produces the best pearls?
Japan is known for producing the best Akoya pearls, which are cultured in Japan, China, and Vietnam. Japan has been a major producer of marine pearls for over a century and has developed advanced technology for pearl production and pearl oyster culture.
Which Indian city is famous for pearls?
Hyderabad, the capital of Telangana in Southern India, is known as the “City of Pearls”. The city has been a major center for pearl trading for over 400 years, supplying pearl jewelry to India and the world.
Which pearl is most expensive?
South Sea pearls are the most expensive cultured-pearl variety. They are the largest pearl variety on the market, ranging from 10 to 15 millimeters in size.
What is the cheapest pearl in the world?
Freshwater pearls are generally considered the cheapest type of pearl. They are made up of mother-of-pearl and can be found in a variety of colors, including white, pink, peach, and lavender.
Which country is rich in pearl?
China is the world’s largest producer of cultured pearls. In 2010, China produced 1500 tonnes of freshwater cultured pearls and 20 tonnes of marine cultured pearls from the Akoya oyster.
Which country is famous for natural pearls?
China is the world’s leading producer of freshwater pearls, accounting for over 80% of global exports in 2020. Japan is known for its high-quality Akoya pearls, which are cultured in Japan, China, and Vietnam.
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