How to Transpose a Data Frame in R?

In this article, we will discuss how to Transpose a Data Frame in R Programming Language. we use some methods to transpose a data frame.

What is Transpose?

Transposing means converting rows to columns and columns to rows of a data frame. transposing can be useful for various purposes, such as reshaping data or preparing it for specific analyses.

Creating a data frame for demonstration

R

# create a dataframe
cities_data <- data.frame(
  City = c("New York", "Los Angeles", "Chicago", "Houston"),
  Population_Millions = c(8.4, 3.9, 2.7, 2.3),
  Area_Square = c(468.9, 468.7, 227.3, 637.5),
  Income = c(65300, 61700, 68000, 59500)
)

# Print the new DataFrame
print(cities_data)

Output:

         City Population_Millions Area_Square Income
1    New York                 8.4       468.9  65300
2 Los Angeles                 3.9       468.7  61700
3     Chicago                 2.7       227.3  68000
4     Houston                 2.3       637.5  59500

Transpose a Data Frame in R Using t() function

Here we are using t() function which stands for transpose to Transpose a Data Frame in R.

Syntax: t(dataframe)

where dataframe is the input dataframe

R

# Creating another sample DataFrame
cities_data <- data.frame(
  City = c("New York", "Los Angeles", "Chicago", "Houston"),
  Population_Millions = c(8.4, 3.9, 2.7, 2.3),
  Area_Square = c(468.9, 468.7, 227.3, 637.5),
  Income = c(65300, 61700, 68000, 59500)
)

# display transposed dataframe
t(cities_data )

Output:

                    [,1]       [,2]          [,3]      [,4]     
City                "New York" "Los Angeles" "Chicago" "Houston"
Population_Millions "8.4"      "3.9"         "2.7"     "2.3"    
Area_Square         "468.9"    "468.7"       "227.3"   "637.5"  
Income              "65300"    "61700"       "68000"   "59500"  

Transpose a Data Frame in R Using data.table

Here we are using data.table data structure to transpose the dataframe, we are using transpose() method to do this

Syntax: transpose(dataframe)

R

# Load the data.table package
library(data.table)

# Convert the cities_data DataFrame to a data.table
cities_dt <- data.table(cities_data)

# Transpose the data.table
transposed_cities_dt <- transpose(cities_dt)

# Print the original data.table
cat("Original Cities data.table:\n")
print(cities_dt)

# Print the transposed data.table
cat("\nTransposed Cities data.table:\n")
print(transposed_cities_dt)

Output:

          City Population_Millions Area_Square Income
1:    New York                 8.4       468.9  65300
2: Los Angeles                 3.9       468.7  61700
3:     Chicago                 2.7       227.3  68000
4:     Houston                 2.3       637.5  59500

Transposed Cities data.table:
         V1          V2      V3      V4
1: New York Los Angeles Chicago Houston
2:      8.4         3.9     2.7     2.3
3:    468.9       468.7   227.3   637.5
4:    65300       61700   68000   59500