Convert a Data Frame into a Numeric Matrix in R Programming – data.matrix() Function

data.matrix() function in R Language is used to create a matrix by converting all the values of a Data Frame into numeric mode and then binding them as a matrix.

Syntax: data.matrix(df)

Parameters:
df: Data frame to be converted.

Example 1:

# R program to convert a data frame
# into a numeric matrix

# Creating a dataframe
df1 = data.frame(
  "Name" = c("Amar", "Akbar", "Ronald"),
  "Language" = c("R", "Python", "C#"),
  "Age" = c(26, 38, 22)
)

# Printing data frame
print(df1)

# Converting into numeric matrix
df2 <- data.matrix(df1)
df2

Output:

    Name Language Age
1   Amar        R  26
2  Akbar   Python  38
3 Ronald       C#  22
     Name Language Age
[1, ]    2        3  26
[2, ]    1        2  38
[3, ]    3        1  22

Example 2:

# R program to convert a data frame
# into a numeric matrix

# Creating a dataframe
df <- data.frame(sample(LETTERS[1:4], 8,
                 replace = T), cbind(1:4, 1:8))
colnames(df) <- c("x", "y", "z")

# Printing data frame
print(df)

# Converting into numeric matrix
df2 <- data.matrix(df)
df2

Output:

  x y z
1 A 1 1
2 D 2 2
3 C 3 3
4 A 4 4
5 B 1 5
6 B 2 6
7 A 3 7
8 C 4 8
     x y z
[1, ] 1 1 1
[2, ] 4 2 2
[3, ] 3 3 3
[4, ] 1 4 4
[5, ] 2 1 5
[6, ] 2 2 6
[7, ] 1 3 7
[8, ] 3 4 8