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Disadvantages of DBMS

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There are many advantages and disadvantages of DBMS (Database Management System). The disadvantages of DBMS are explained below. 

1. Increased Cost: 
These are different types of costs: 
 

  1. Cost of Hardware and Software – 
    This is the first disadvantage of the database management system. This is because, for DBMS, it is mandatory to have a high-speed processor and also a large memory size. After all, nowadays there is a large amount of data in every field which needs to be store safely and with security. 

    The requirement of this large amount of space and a high-speed processor needs expensive hardware and expensive software too. That is, there is a requirement for sophisticated hardware and software which means that we need to upgrade the hardware which is used for the file-based system. Hardware and Software, both require maintenance which costs very high. All the operating, Training (all levels including programming, application development, and database administration), licensing, and regulatory compliance costs very high. 

     

  2. Cost of Staff Training – 
    Educated staff (database administrator, application programmers, data entry operations) who maintains the database management system also requires a good amount. We need the database system designers to be hired along with application programmers. Alternatively, the services of some software houses need to be taken. So there is a lot of money which needs to be spent on developing software. 

     

  3. Cost of Data Conversion – 
    We need to convert our data into a database management system, there is a requirement of a lot of money as it adds to the cost of the database management system. This is because for this conversion we need to hire database system designers whom we have to pay a lot of money and also services of some software house will be required. All this shows that a high initial investment for hardware, software, and trained staff is required by DBMS. So, altogether Database Management System results in a costlier system. 

     

2. Complexity: 
As we all know that nowadays all companies are using the database management system as it fulfills lots of requirements and also solves the problem. But a problem arises, that is all this functionality has made the database management system an extremely complex software. For the proper requirement of DBMS, it is very important to have a good knowledge of it by the developers, DBA, designers, and also the end-users. This is because if any one of them does not acquire proper and complete skills then this may lead to data loss or database failure. 

These failures may lead to bad design decisions due to which there may be serious and bad consequences for the organization. So this complex system needs to be understood by everyone using it. As it cannot be managed very easily. All this shows that a database management system is not a child’s game as it cannot be managed very easily. It requires a lot of management. A good staff is needed to manage this database at times when it becomes very complicated to decide where to pick data from and where to save it. 

3. Currency Maintenance: 
This is very necessary to keep your system current because efficiency which is one of the biggest factors and needs to be overlooked must be maximized. That is we need to maximize the efficiency of the database system to keep our system current. For this, frequent updation must be performed on all the components as new threats come daily. DBMS should be updated according to the current scenario. Also, security measures must be implemented. Due to advancement in database technology, training cost tends to be significant. 

4. Performance: 
The traditional file system is written for small organizations and for some specific applications due to which performance is generally very good. But for the small-scale firms, DBMS does not give a good performance as its speed is very slow. As a result, some applications will not run as fast as they could. Hence it is not good to use DBMS for small firms. Because performance is a factor that is overlooked by everyone. If performance is good then everyone (developers, designers, end-users) will use it easily and it will be user-friendly too. As the speed of the system totally depends on the performance so performance needs to be good. 

5. Frequency Upgrade/Replacement Cycles: 
Nowadays in this world, we need to stay up-to-date about the latest technologies, developments arriving in the market. Frequent upgrade of the products is done by the DBMS vendors to add new functionality to the systems. New upgrade versions of the software often come bundled. Sometimes these updates also need hardware upgrades. Sometimes these changes and updates are so fast that the users find it difficult to work with that system because it is not easy to learn new commands and understand them again when the new upgrades are done. All these upgrades also cost money to train users, designers, etc. to use the new features. 

6.Complex design : 

Database design is complex, difficult and time consuming. 

7.Damaged part : If one part of database is corrupted or damaged, then entire 
database may get affected. 

8.Compatibility: DBMS software may not be compatible with other software systems or platforms, making it difficult to integrate with other applications.

9.Security: A DBMS can be vulnerable to security breaches if not properly configured and managed. This can lead to data loss or theft.

10.Data isolation: Because data are scattered in various files, and files may be in different formats, writing new application programs to retrieve the appropriate data is difficult.

11. Difficulty in accessing data: Suppose that one of the university clerks needs to find out the names of all students who live within a particular postal-code area. The clerk asks the data-processing department to generate such a list. Because the designers of the original system did not anticipate this request, there is no application program on hand to meet it. There is, however, an application program to generate the list of all students. The university clerk has now two choices: either obtain the list of all students and extract the needed information manually or ask a programmer to write the necessary application program. Both alternatives are obviously unsatisfactory. Suppose that such a program is written, and that, several days later, the same clerk needs to trim that list to include only those students who have taken at least 60 credit hours. As expected, a program to generate such a list does not exist. Again, the clerk has the preceding two options, neither of which is satisfactory.

The point here is that conventional file-processing environments do not allow needed data to be retrieved in a convenient and efficient manner. More responsive data-retrieval systems are required for general use.

12.Data redundancy and inconsistency: Since different programmers create the files and application programs over a long period, the various files are likely to have different structures and the programs may be written in several programming languages. Moreover, the same information may be duplicated in several places (files). For example, if a student has a double major (say, music and mathematics) the address and telephone number of that student may appear in a file that consists of student records of students in the Music department and in a file that consists of student records of students in the Mathematics department. This redundancy leads to higher storage and access cost. In addition, it may lead to data inconsistency; that is, the various copies of the same data may no longer agree. For example, a changed student address may be reflected in the Music department records but not elsewhere in the system.

13.Integrity problems: The data values stored in the database must satisfy certain types of consistency constraints. Suppose the university maintains an account for each department, and records the balance amount in each account. Suppose also that the university requires that the account balance of a department may never fall below zero. Developers enforce these constraints in the system by adding appropriate code in the various application programs. However, when new constraints are added, it is difficult to change the programs to enforce them. The problem is compounded when constraints involve several data items from different files.
 



Last Updated : 29 Feb, 2024
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