HTML is the standard language for creating documents that are intended to be displayed on web browsers. It is very usual to get confused with attributes and properties while performing DOM object manipulation in JavaScript. Before learning about the differences, let us first define the Document Object Model.
DOM: It is the acronym for the Document Object Model. When the browser parses your HTML code, it creates a corresponding DOM node. The HTML properties are accessed from this node object.
In simpler terms, DOM is an API for the HTML and we use languages like JavaScript or frameworks like React, Vue.js to access and manipulate the HTML using the corresponding DOM objects.
Notes:
- Some DOM properties don’t have corresponding attributes.
- Some HTML properties don’t have corresponding properties.
- Some HTML attributes, like ‘id’, have 1:1 mapping to properties.
Let us take a look at some quick examples to demonstrate the differences between attributes and properties.
Example: Consider the following HTML code snippet.
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <input id="input" type="number" value="Phone Number:"> <p id="display"></p> <script> var element = document.getElementById("input"); // Getting the property, returns "Phone Number:" window.alert(element.getAttribute("value")); element.value = 1234; var x = element.value; // Getting the attribute, returns "1234" document.getElementById("display").innerHTML = "Value Attribute: " + x; </script> </body> </html> |
Output:
Now, let us consider that the user inputs “1234”, then the element.getAttribute(“value”) will return “Phone Number:” because we have provided this as the initial value of this attribute. But element.value will return “1234”.
Thus, the value attribute has the initial text-content that was provided by the developer in the HTML source code because the value property reflects the current text-content inside the input box (provided by the user in this case).
Now we have a basic idea about the difference, let us dive deep and learn about more differences.
Attribute: Attributes are defined by HTML and are used to customize a tag.
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <p> Click the button the display the number of attributes associated with it. </p> <button id="AttributeDemo" onclick="myFunction()"> Try it </button> <p id="display"></p> <script> function myFunction() { var Attrdemo = document.getElementById( "AttributeDemo").attributes.length; document.getElementById( "display").innerHTML = Attrdemo; } </script> </body> </html> |
The output is 2 because the two attributes are: id=”AttributeDemo” and onclick=”myFunction()”.
Note: The document.getElementsById(‘AttributeDemo’).attributes code snippet returns a collection of the specified node’s attributes, as a NamedNodeMap object. To access the nodes, we can use the generic indexing method. Replace the following line in the above code snippet.
var Attrdemo = document.getElementById( 'AtrributeDemo').attributes[1].name; |
Output:
onclick
The attributes have a data type of string. So no matter the value of the attribute, it will always return a string.
Example:
document.getElementById('AtrributeDemo').getAttribute('id')
Output:
AttributeDemo
Property: In contrast to the attributes, which are defined in HTML, properties belongs to the DOM. Since DOM is an object in JavaScript, we can get and set properties.
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <p> Click the "display" button for the number of attributes associated with it. </p> <button id="AttributeDemo" onclick="myFunction()"> Try it </button> <p id="display"></p> <script> function myFunction() { // Setting the property // 'geeksforgeeks' to a number document.getElementById('AttributeDemo') .geeksforgeeks = 777; // Getting the property, returns 1 var x = document.getElementById( 'AttributeDemo').geeksforgeeks; document.getElementById( "display").innerHTML = x; } </script> </body> </html> |
Output:
Default attributes (non-user-defined) changes when corresponding property changes and vice-versa.
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <p> Click the button the display the current className & the edited className </p> <button id="demo1" class="button" onclick="Function1()"> Click Me </button> <p id="displayCurrent"></p> <p id="diplayEdited"></p> <script> function Function1() { var div = document.getElementById("demo1"); // Returns "GeeksForGeeks" window.alert("Current Class : " + div.getAttribute("class")); div.setAttribute("class", "GeeksForGeeks"); // Returns : "GeeksForGeeks" window.alert("Edited Class : " + div.getAttribute("class")); } </script> </body> </html> |
Output:
Note:
- Non-custom attributes (like id, class, etc.) have 1:1 mapping to the properties.
- We use ‘className’ to access (get or set) the ‘class’ property because ‘class’ is a reserved keyword in JavaScript.
- Attributes which have a defined default value remain constant when the corresponding property changes.
Difference between HTML attributes and DOM properties:
| Attribute | Property |
|---|---|
| Attributes are defined by HTML. | Properties are defined by the DOM. |
| Value of an attribute is constant. | Value of a property is variable. |
| These are used to initialize the DOM properties. After initialization, the job is finish. | No such job defined. |
