What is a Security Key? Working and Advantages

A security key is a physical USB drive that you may attach to your devices, such as desktops and laptops, to authenticate your identity and gain access to specified network services.

What is a Security Key?

A security key is used to authenticate and provide access to a network or service. It’s a form of two-factor authentication (2FA) that enhances security by requiring something you have (the security key) along with something you know (like a password). Security keys are physical devices that can connect via USB, NFC, or Bluetooth and are used to confirm your identity when logging into various platforms. This method helps protect against phishing and other forms of cyber attacks because even if someone steals your password, they would also need the physical security key to gain access.

Functions of Security Key

• User Authentication: Verifies a user’s identity by requiring a security key for access.
• Multi-Factor Authentication: Adds a hardware-based second authentication factor to enhance security.
• Phishing Protection: Protects against phishing by necessitating the physical key for login, rendering stolen passwords useless.
• Ease of Use: Allows easy authentication by simply connecting via USB, NFC, or Bluetooth.
• Universal Compatibility: Supports FIDO U2F and FIDO2 protocols, ensuring broad compatibility across various platforms.

How Security Keys Work?

• Setup: First, you register the security key with the online service you want to protect (like your email or bank account). This involves inserting the security key into your computer or connecting it via Bluetooth or NFC, and following a setup process that links the key to your account.
• Login: When you want to log into the protected service, you’ll start by entering your username and password as usual.
• Authentication: After entering your password, instead of immediately gaining access, you’ll be prompted to insert or connect your security key. The key checks if the website is genuine and not a fake site trying to steal your information.
• Verification: The security key communicates with the online service, confirming your identity by using a unique digital signature. This signature is only valid for the specific security key and cannot be replicated easily.
• Access Granted: If the information matches and the authentication is successful, the service grants you access to your account. If someone doesn’t have your security key, they won’t be able to log in, even if they know your password.

How do I find my Security Key?

To find your security key, you need to identify what type of key you are looking for:

1. Go to Settings > Connections > Wi-Fi.
2. Click on the appropriate network, most likely the one listed under Current network.
3. Tap the QR code and scan it to see the network security key.

• Physical Security Key: If you use a hardware security key for two-factor authentication, this would be a physical device. Look for the USB or NFC device you previously set up with your accounts.
• Wi-Fi Security Key: If you’re referring to a Wi-Fi network’s password, it’s often labeled as a security key. Check the back or bottom of your Wi-Fi router, or consult any documentation provided by your Internet Service Provider.
• Recovery Key: If you need a recovery key for something like software or device, it might have been shown to you during the initial setup and suggested to be printed or saved in a secure place.

What happens if you lose your Security Key?

Security keys are not a replacement for a password. If your key is lost or stolen, the person who has it will be unable to access your account unless they also know your login and password. To ensure that you are not locked out of your account if you lose your security key, you must configure an additional backup two-factor authentication security mechanism. The most secure option is to create numerous keys for your account. If you don’t have a second key, you can sign up for another two-factor authentication security option, such as SMS codes or a third-party authentication application.

Advantages of a Security Key

• Enhanced Security: Provides strong two-factor authentication, making unauthorized access more difficult.
• Protection Against Phishing: Ensures that even if credentials are stolen, they cannot be used without the physical key.
• High Compatibility: Works with a wide range of services and protocols, including FIDO U2F and FIDO2.
• User Convenience: Offers a simple and quick way to authenticate with just a tap or by plugging it into a device.
• Durability: Physical keys are robust and do not require power or internet connectivity to function.

Disadvantages of Security Key

• Costly: Security keys often require purchasing additional hardware, which increases its cost.
• Physical Loss or Damage: Since security keys are physical devices, there’s always the risk of them being lost, stolen, or damaged.
• Setup Complexity: Setting up security keys for the first time may require additional steps beyond typical username/password authentication.
• Limited Use Cases: While security keys are effective for protecting online accounts, they may not provide additional security for offline systems or physical access controls.

Difference Between a Security Key and Passwordless Authentication

Feature	Security Key	Passwordless Authentication
Authentication Method	Hardware-based (physical device)	Various methods (biometrics, mobile app, etc.)
User Action Required	Physical interaction (inserting or tapping the key)	May involve scanning a fingerprint, facial recognition, or tapping on a mobile device
Security Level	High, as it requires possession of the physical key	High, often uses biometrics or mobile devices that are usually with the user
User Experience	Involves carrying and using a physical key	Generally more convenient with no need to remember anything or carry extra devices
Compatibility	Limited to services that support FIDO standards	Depends on the platform and its support for specific passwordless methods
Dependence on Devices	Yes, requires the physical security key	Yes, typically relies on a personal device like a smartphone or hardware with biometric sensors

Conclusion

A security key is a powerful tool against cyber threats, offering an extra layer of protection beyond traditional passwords. This device is used for two-factor authentication, ensuring that the rightful owner is the only one who can access sensitive online accounts, whether they’re personal or professional. With the rise of cybersecurity concerns, understanding what a security key is and how it can enhance your digital security is essential. This article explores the purpose, functionality, and benefits of using a security key in a world where digital safety cannot be taken for granted.

Frequently Asked Questions on Security Key – FAQs

What is the security key for Wi-Fi?

A network security key is the password you enter to connect to a Wi-Fi network. It establishes a connection between the router and the devices that connect to the Wi-Fi network. A network security key helps protect a Wi-Fi network and the people using it from snoops or intruders trying to piggyback on your connection.

What is a security access key?

A hardware security key, also known as a security key, is a physical form of authentication that provides you with access to systems, applications and accounts. Hardware security keys are often used as a second form of authentication or as a Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) method.

Is the security key same as a password?

A network security key is the password that protects your wireless network. If you have a Wi-Fi network in your home, you’ll need a password to connect your device. That Wi-Fi password is your network security key.